Arthritis can lead to noticeable bumps on the fingers, often causing discomfort and concern. These bony growths are typically associated with osteoarthritis, affecting the small joints of the hands. This article explores strategies to address arthritis-related finger bumps, ranging from non-invasive methods to medical and surgical interventions.
Understanding Finger Bumps from Arthritis
Finger bumps from arthritis are bony enlargements or cysts that develop around the small joints of the fingers. They are primarily a consequence of osteoarthritis, a condition characterized by the gradual breakdown of cartilage cushioning bone ends. As cartilage erodes, bones can rub, leading to new bone formations called osteophytes or bone spurs.
These bumps appear in specific locations. Bony nodules on the joint closest to the fingertip (DIP joint) are Heberden’s nodes. Bumps on the middle joint (PIP joint) are Bouchard’s nodes. While not always painful, their development can cause pain, stiffness, swelling, reduced range of motion, and finger misalignment.
Managing Bumps Without Surgery
Several non-invasive strategies can help manage symptoms and improve daily function. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen, reduce pain and inflammation. Topical creams can also be applied directly to affected joints for localized relief.
Applying heat or cold therapy soothes painful joints. Warm compresses, heating pads, or paraffin wax baths relax tissues, increase circulation, and alleviate stiffness. Cold packs reduce swelling and acute pain by numbing the area.
Gentle exercises and stretches maintain joint flexibility and strength. Simple movements like making a fist, finger bends, or touching fingertips to the thumb improve mobility. Incorporating therapy putty can also strengthen finger muscles through exercises like pinching or spreading.
Splinting or bracing affected finger joints provides support, reduces strain, and improves alignment. Ring splints stabilize joints and prevent hyperextension, potentially reducing pain and improving dexterity. Wearing splints, especially at night, can reduce pain for hand osteoarthritis.
Assistive devices make daily tasks easier by reducing stress on finger joints. Examples include electric jar openers, button fasteners, or ergonomic tools. Lifestyle adjustments also play a role, such as an anti-inflammatory diet emphasizing fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Medical and Surgical Approaches
When non-surgical methods are insufficient, medical interventions offer targeted relief. Doctors may prescribe stronger NSAIDs or corticosteroids, taken orally or injected into the affected joint to reduce inflammation and pain. Injections are typically used for localized inflammation and are not repeated frequently due to potential tendon weakening.
Physical and occupational therapy are important for managing hand arthritis. Therapists create exercise programs to improve joint function, strength, and range of motion. Occupational therapists teach joint protection strategies, recommend adaptive techniques, and suggest assistive devices and splinting options.
Surgical options are considered a last resort for severe pain, impaired function, or pronounced deformity. For DIP joints, joint fusion (arthrodesis) is common. This involves fusing bones to create a stable, pain-free joint, eliminating motion. Fusion is effective for pain relief and correcting deformities.
For PIP joints, both joint fusion and joint replacement (arthroplasty) may be considered. Replacement involves implanting an artificial joint to restore motion and relieve pain. While finger joint replacements can improve pain and appearance, range of motion improvement is less predictable than for larger joints. Implants can wear out, potentially requiring further surgery.
Knowing When to Seek Professional Help
Consult a healthcare professional for effective management and to prevent complications. Seek medical advice if you experience persistent or worsening pain not controlled by home remedies. Significant swelling, redness, or warmth around finger joints also warrants a doctor’s visit.
Loss of function or increasing difficulty with daily tasks, such as gripping objects or writing, suggests the condition impacts your quality of life. New deformities or rapid changes in bump size or shape should prompt evaluation. If home remedies are ineffective, a healthcare provider can offer a diagnosis and discuss treatments. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination and X-rays.