Algae are simple, plant-like organisms that thrive in aquatic environments, utilizing photosynthesis to grow. A water fountain provides a near-perfect environment for this growth, offering a combination of still or slow-moving water, warmth from sun exposure, and a supply of nutrients from debris like leaves and pollen. This proliferation of algae not only creates an unsightly green or brown film but can also clog the delicate mechanisms of the fountain’s pump, hindering its function. Managing algae requires a two-part approach: a thorough physical cleaning to remove existing growth, followed by consistent prevention strategies.
Essential Steps for Physical Algae Removal
The first step in restoring a fountain is to ensure safety by disconnecting the power supply to the pump before handling any components. Once the power is off, the water must be completely drained from the basin, which can be done manually or with a small submersible pump. After the fountain is empty, all removable elements, such as the pump, statuary, and decorative stones, should be taken out for individual cleaning.
The exposed surfaces of the fountain basin and tiers require manual scrubbing to dislodge the slimy algal biomass. A non-abrasive tool, such as a soft-bristled brush, sponge, or old toothbrush, should be used to avoid scratching the fountain material. A mild cleaning solution, such as a water and dish soap mixture, assists in breaking down the stubborn film and residue left by the algae.
It is important to focus on the pump mechanism, which is often the source of poor water circulation and a hidden home for algae colonies. The pump should be disassembled following the manufacturer’s instructions to access the impeller and intake screen. Using a small brush, thoroughly clean the impeller blades and the internal housing to remove any trapped debris or mineral deposits. After scrubbing all parts, the entire fountain structure and all removed components must be rinsed extensively with clean water to eliminate all traces of the cleaning agent and detached algae.
Water Treatment Options for Algae Control
After a thorough manual cleaning, introducing a treatment to the fresh water can prevent the rapid return of algae growth. Commercial algaecides specifically formulated for fountains are available, often using copper ions to interfere with the algae’s cellular processes. When selecting a commercial product, verify that it is explicitly labeled as safe for the fountain’s materials and for any pets or wildlife that may drink from the water feature. Some non-copper-based treatments use activated peroxygen chemistry, which works by oxidation to break down algae cells on contact.
For a more natural approach, household products can be used with proper dilution. A mixture of white vinegar and water can be applied to scrub surfaces, as the mild acidity helps kill algae, though the fountain must be rinsed well afterward to remove the residue. Additionally, a highly diluted solution of hydrogen peroxide can be added to the water, as it acts as an oxidizer to kill algae and then breaks down into water and oxygen.
Enzyme cleaners, which contain beneficial bacteria strains, offer a biological control method. These bacteria consume the excess nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, effectively starving the algae population. Avoid harsh household chemicals like chlorine bleach or ammonia for regular maintenance. These substances can be toxic to pets and can damage the pump seals and fountain materials.
Ongoing Maintenance to Stop Algae Recurrence
Long-term algae control relies on managing the environmental factors that encourage its growth, starting with limiting the amount of sunlight exposure. Algae use sunlight for photosynthesis, so positioning the fountain in a shaded area or adding a cover can dramatically slow down the growth rate. A consistent schedule of water circulation is also necessary to prevent stagnation, ensuring the pump is running efficiently and is not blocked by debris.
Regularly refreshing the water is an effective maintenance practice, with a full drain and refill recommended every few weeks to a month, depending on the fountain’s size and exposure. Skimming the water surface weekly to remove leaves, pollen, and other organic matter will reduce the nutrient load that feeds the algae. The quality of the water used is also a factor, as mineral-rich tap water can contribute to nutrient buildup.
Water Quality Management
Using distilled water or filtered rainwater can reduce the supply of minerals and nutrients available for algae growth.
If using tap water, allowing it to sit for 24 hours before use can help dissipate some of the added chlorine.
Maintaining this routine schedule of water changes, debris removal, and environment management will be the most effective strategy for keeping the fountain clear and functional.