Sore throats are common during pregnancy, often resulting from viral infections like a cold or the flu, or from increased congestion and heartburn. Expectant mothers must approach symptom relief with caution, as many standard over-the-counter remedies are not safe for use during gestation. This article provides general guidance on managing a sore throat while pregnant. However, any new symptoms or the use of medications must always be discussed with a healthcare provider, such as an obstetrician or midwife.
Immediate Relief with Natural and Comfort Measures
Non-pharmaceutical methods offer localized soothing effects for a sore throat without introducing systemic risks to the developing fetus. One of the most effective and accessible remedies is gargling with warm salt water, which helps to reduce swelling and discomfort in the throat. A simple recipe involves dissolving about one teaspoon of salt in a glass of warm water, which can be repeated several times throughout the day for sustained relief.
Staying hydrated is another strategy, as drinking plenty of fluids keeps the throat moist and helps thin out mucus. Warm liquids are particularly comforting, and certain herbal teas, such as chamomile, are considered safe for consumption during pregnancy. Adding a teaspoon of honey to warm water or tea can further lubricate the throat and temporarily reduce pain. However, always confirm the safety of any herbal tea with a doctor, as some varieties may potentially cause uterine contractions.
Increasing the moisture in the surrounding air can also reduce the irritation that often accompanies a sore throat. Using a cool-mist humidifier in the bedroom helps to soothe dry and irritated throat tissue. Alternatively, inhaling steam from a hot shower or a bowl of warm water can provide temporary relief from congestion and throat dryness. Adequate rest is important, and reducing vocal strain by avoiding excessive talking or whispering minimizes further irritation to the throat lining.
Safe Over-the-Counter Medications and Ingredients to Avoid
When natural methods are not enough, certain over-the-counter (OTC) medications can be used, but caution is required. Acetaminophen, often sold under the brand name Tylenol, is generally considered the safest first-choice option for pain and fever relief during pregnancy. It is safe to take at the normal recommended adult dosage, but the total daily intake should not exceed 3,000 to 4,000 milligrams. It is important to use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration necessary and to discuss the use of any medication with a healthcare provider.
Many common pain relievers and cold ingredients must be avoided entirely or used only under the guidance of a physician. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which include ibuprofen and naproxen, pose known risks to the developing fetus and should not be taken. NSAIDs are specifically contraindicated from about 20 weeks of pregnancy onward due to the risk of serious fetal kidney problems. Aspirin should also be avoided for pain relief, though a doctor may recommend a low-dose regimen for specific medical conditions.
Decongestants, such as phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine, are generally not recommended, especially during the first trimester, due to concerns about reducing blood flow to the placenta. Combination cold medicines should also be avoided because they often contain a mixture of ingredients that may be unsafe or unnecessary. When selecting throat lozenges, choose simple formulations or check with a pharmacist to ensure they do not contain high levels of alcohol or decongestants.
Warning Signs and When to Seek Medical Attention
While most sore throats resolve with home care, certain symptoms during pregnancy indicate a potential complication requiring medical intervention. A temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher is considered a fever and warrants immediate contact with a healthcare provider. Untreated bacterial infections, such as Strep throat, can be a concern and require antibiotics for resolution. Severe pain that makes swallowing liquids or saliva extremely difficult is also a sign that requires prompt evaluation.
The presence of white patches or pus on the tonsils suggests a bacterial cause like Strep throat. Seek medical attention if a sore throat is accompanied by symptoms like a rash, shortness of breath, or difficulty breathing, as these can indicate a serious respiratory issue. If the sore throat and its accompanying symptoms do not improve after 48 hours of home care, or if any symptoms worsen, consult with a doctor or midwife.