Bed bugs do not typically live in human hair or on the scalp. Their flat, oval bodies and lack of specialized claws make it nearly impossible for them to cling to hair shafts like lice do. If a bed bug is found in the hair, it is usually a temporary occurrence, often during an interrupted feeding session or when an infestation is severe. Finding one signals the need to act immediately to prevent it from spreading or returning to a nearby hiding spot.
Immediate Physical Removal Techniques
The first step upon discovery is to physically remove the insect to prevent it from retreating or laying eggs elsewhere. It is helpful to work over a light-colored surface, such as a white towel placed in a bathtub or sink, which makes the reddish-brown, apple-seed-sized bugs easier to spot.
The most effective mechanical tool for immediate removal is a fine-toothed metal comb, often sold as a lice or nit comb. Draw the comb carefully through the hair from the scalp to the ends to physically sweep the bed bug out. For a single, visible bug, use a pair of tweezers or a piece of sticky packing tape to lift it directly from the hair or scalp.
Once removed, the bed bug must be disposed of correctly to ensure it is killed and cannot re-infest the area. The insect can be flushed down the toilet or sealed in a small plastic zip-type bag and crushed. Alternatively, place the bug into a container of rubbing alcohol, which kills it quickly. This immediate removal process addresses the live insect before thorough cleansing begins.
Thorough Scalp and Hair Cleansing
Following the physical removal of any visible insects, the hair and scalp should be thoroughly washed. This cleansing eliminates any potential fecal matter, exoskeletons, or stray bed bugs that may have been missed. Standard shampoo and conditioner are sufficient, as bed bugs do not attach eggs to hair shafts or make a home in the hair.
Wash the hair with warm water and a generous amount of product, focusing on robust scrubbing of the scalp and hair strands. While hot water kills bed bugs on fabric, the water temperature used on the head must be safe and tolerable for the skin. Using medicated or specialized lice shampoos is unnecessary and could cause irritation to existing bites on the scalp.
After washing, using a hair dryer set to a high heat setting can provide additional peace of mind, as bed bugs are highly sensitive to heat. The hot air helps ensure no residual bugs survive, though remaining insects are unlikely. Thoroughness and immediate action are key, not specialized chemical treatments designed for other parasites.
Decontaminating Head-Contact Items
Preventing re-infestation requires treating all fabric items that recently contacted the head, including pillowcases, scarves, hats, and towels used during washing. Bed bugs and their eggs are reliably killed by exposure to high heat, which is the preferred method for decontamination.
Fabrics should be washed in hot water, ideally at 140°F (60°C), and then dried on the highest heat setting for a minimum of 30 minutes. The prolonged exposure to high heat in the dryer is often more effective than the washing cycle itself. Items that cannot withstand high heat, such as delicate scarves or hair accessories, should be placed in sealed plastic bags. These sealed items can be left undisturbed for an extended period, since bed bugs can survive for months without a blood meal. Alternatively, they can be subjected to freezing temperatures (below 0°F) for several days to ensure elimination.