Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a sophisticated, non-invasive diagnostic tool that provides detailed images of organs and soft tissues inside the body. This technology uses a powerful magnetic field and computer-generated radio waves to align hydrogen atoms, which emit signals converted into high-resolution cross-sectional pictures. Unlike X-rays or CT scans, an MRI does not use ionizing radiation, making it a preferred option for examining the brain, spinal cord, joints, and ligaments. This guide provides a straightforward, step-by-step explanation of how to get an MRI.
Obtaining the Necessary Referral
The first step in securing a scan is consulting with a healthcare provider, such as a primary care physician or a specialist, to establish medical necessity. A formal order or prescription is required before any imaging facility can proceed with the test. The medical provider determines if an MRI is the most appropriate tool by evaluating the symptoms and comparing its benefits against other imaging methods.
The decision often hinges on the need for soft tissue detail, which the MRI excels at, compared to an X-ray for bone fractures or a CT scan for rapid trauma assessment. The physician must submit a request that clearly justifies the scan based on established medical criteria. This official documentation, including the reason for the scan, serves as the initial authorization needed to move forward.
Understanding Costs and Coverage
For most patients with health insurance, the financial process begins with prior authorization. This review process determines if the scan is medically necessary and meets the insurance company’s coverage guidelines before the appointment is scheduled. If a facility performs the scan without required prior authorization, the insurance company will likely deny the claim, leaving the patient responsible for the full cost.
Even with approval, a patient’s out-of-pocket expense is determined by their specific health plan’s structure, including deductibles, co-pays, and co-insurance. The deductible is the amount the patient must pay annually before insurance coverage applies. Co-insurance then dictates the percentage of the cost the patient owes, often a fixed percentage like 20%.
Patients who are self-pay or have high-deductible plans should shop around, as prices for the same procedure vary widely between facilities. Independent imaging centers often have lower overhead and can offer lower bundled rates compared to hospital-based facilities. Ensure the quote includes both the technical scan fee and the professional radiologist interpretation fee to manage costs effectively.
Preparing for Your MRI Appointment
Once the scan is approved and scheduled, the patient must take several steps to ensure safety and image quality. Because the MRI uses a powerful magnet, all metal objects must be removed before entering the scanning room. This includes jewelry, watches, hairpins, hearing aids, and clothing with metal zippers or snaps.
Patients must inform the technician about any metal implanted in their body, such as pacemakers, aneurysm clips, joint replacements, or surgical staples. Certain cosmetic products, including some mascara and eye shadow, contain metallic particles like iron oxide that can interfere with the magnetic field and must also be removed.
If the scan requires a contrast agent, typically a gadolinium-based dye injected intravenously to enhance image clarity, specific preparation is necessary. For studies of the abdomen or pelvis, the patient may be instructed to fast for a few hours before the appointment. These instructions are designed to maximize the diagnostic value of the images.
What to Expect During the Scan
The MRI machine is a large, tube-shaped device, and the patient lies on a movable table that slides into the center. Once positioned, the patient must remain perfectly still throughout the entire procedure, which typically lasts between 30 and 60 minutes. Any movement can blur the pictures and necessitate a repeat of the scan sequence.
During the scan, internal components rapidly switch on and off in the magnetic field, producing loud, repetitive knocking and clicking noises that can exceed 100 decibels. The facility provides earplugs or noise-canceling headphones to protect the patient’s hearing and manage the sound. The patient is monitored continuously by a technologist from an adjacent control room and can communicate via an intercom system.
For individuals with a fear of enclosed spaces, a wide-bore or open MRI machine may be an option. In some cases, the physician may prescribe a mild sedative to manage anxiety and ensure successful image acquisition.