A stool sample, also known as a fecal sample, involves collecting and analyzing a portion of bowel movement. Healthcare providers commonly request these samples to gain insight into a person’s gastrointestinal health. Analyzing stool can help diagnose various conditions, including digestive issues, infections (bacteria, viruses, parasites), and screen for conditions like colon cancer. This diagnostic tool helps identify underlying causes of symptoms like prolonged diarrhea, abdominal pain, or blood in the stool.
Preparing for Collection
Careful preparation ensures accurate test results. Patients typically receive a specialized collection kit from their healthcare provider or laboratory. This kit usually contains a collection device, such as a hat-shaped plastic container designed to fit over a toilet, a sterile specimen cup, a transfer tool, and a biohazard bag. It is important to thoroughly read all instructions provided with the kit, as specific requirements can vary depending on the type of test ordered.
Certain dietary or medication restrictions may be necessary. Some tests require avoiding specific foods, laxatives, antacids, or certain medications, including antibiotics, for 48 hours to several weeks. Always confirm any restrictions with your healthcare provider to prevent interference with test outcomes. Having disposable gloves and cleaning materials ready can also be helpful.
Collecting the Sample
Collecting the stool sample requires careful attention to avoid contamination. Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water before beginning. Place the collection device, such as a “hat” or plastic wrap, securely over the toilet bowl or seat, ensuring it does not fall into the water. This prevents the sample from mixing with toilet water or urine, which can compromise the test.
Urinate before having a bowel movement to minimize contamination risk. Pass the bowel movement directly into the collection device. For infants, line their diaper with plastic wrap to collect stool without absorption. Use the provided spoon or stick to transfer the sample into the specimen container.
The amount needed is usually small, often 2 to 3 scoopfuls, filling the container to a designated line, or about the size of a walnut. If the stool contains bloody, slimy, or watery areas, include these portions, as they may contain important indicators. Secure the lid on the container after transferring the required amount.
Storing and Transporting the Sample
Immediately seal the container tightly to prevent leakage. Label the container with the patient’s full name, date of birth, and the exact date and time of collection. This ensures correct identification and processing.
Storage requirements vary by test. Some samples need refrigeration (2-8°C), while others can be kept at room temperature. Samples with preservatives often have a longer viability (up to 48 hours) than fresh samples, which may need transport within 2 hours.
Transport the sample to the laboratory or doctor’s office as soon as possible. Most laboratories require delivery within 24 hours for accurate results. Place the sealed, labeled container inside a biohazard bag, often provided, for safe transport.
Tips for a Successful Sample
If the sample accidentally comes into contact with urine or toilet water, it is recommended to collect a new sample to ensure accuracy. For any questions or concerns during the collection process, contact your healthcare provider for clarification. Adhering to all guidelines ensures the most reliable test results.