Trigger finger, medically known as stenosing tenosynovitis, is a condition that makes bending and straightening a finger or thumb difficult. This occurs when the tendon, a cord-like tissue connecting muscle to bone, or its surrounding protective sheath, becomes irritated, swollen, or thickened. The inflammation can cause a nodule or bump to form on the tendon, which then struggles to glide smoothly through the narrow tunnel of tissue, often catching on a specific area called the A1 pulley. This mechanical obstruction leads to the characteristic catching, popping, or locking sensation, sometimes accompanied by pain and stiffness, especially in the morning. While any digit can be affected, it most commonly impacts the ring finger or thumb.
Non-Surgical Treatment Options
Non-surgical approaches often begin by reducing inflammation and restoring smooth tendon movement. Rest and modifying activities that worsen the condition are primary steps. Avoiding repetitive gripping, forceful hand use, or prolonged use of vibrating tools allows inflamed tissues to heal. If complete avoidance is not possible, padded gloves can offer protection during gripping or contact friction activities.
Splinting is another common non-surgical intervention, especially effective when worn at night. A splint keeps the affected finger or thumb straightened, preventing curling during sleep that can worsen symptoms. By immobilizing the finger, the splint reduces movement and friction on the inflamed tendon, aiding rest and recovery. Consistent splint use can reduce pain and triggering, potentially helping patients avoid surgery.
Over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or naproxen, manage pain and reduce inflammation. They target the inflammatory response in the affected area. While offering relief, NSAIDs are generally recommended for short-term use, typically up to two weeks, due to potential side effects from prolonged daily use.
Physical therapy and exercises improve finger mobility and hand function. Gentle stretching increases finger flexibility and reduces stiffness. These include passively bending and straightening the finger with assistance, or using therapeutic putty for a fuller range of motion. Strengthening exercises, like squeezing a soft ball or using resistance bands, enhance overall hand strength and dexterity, targeting muscles that support finger movement. Heat therapy, such as soaking the hand in warm water, relaxes tissues and prepares the hand for exercises by increasing blood flow.
Corticosteroid injections are a frequently used, effective treatment for trigger finger. These injections deliver corticosteroid medication, such as cortisone, directly into the tendon sheath at the base of the affected finger. Corticosteroids are powerful anti-inflammatory agents that reduce swelling around the tendon, allowing it to glide more freely.
Symptom relief can begin within days, though full effects typically take a few weeks. A single injection can provide relief for over a year, but some individuals may require more than one, usually spaced several weeks apart. However, injections may be less effective for individuals with certain underlying health conditions, such as diabetes.
Recovery Timeline and Expectations
Recovery time from non-surgical trigger finger treatments varies, influenced by condition severity and promptness of treatment. Generally, individuals see symptom improvement within a few weeks to a couple of months with consistent adherence to the treatment plan. For instance, resting the affected hand and finger can show results within one to two weeks.
Improvements are typically gradual as inflammation subsides and the tendon moves more smoothly. Patience and consistent adherence to prescribed therapies are important, whether involving regular splint use, exercise routines, or follow-up injections. Full return of normal finger flexibility and range of motion depends on individual factors like age, overall health, and commitment to the home exercise program.
Preventing Future Occurrences
Preventing trigger finger recurrence involves adopting habits that minimize hand and finger strain. Taking frequent breaks during activities requiring repetitive gripping, grasping, or prolonged hand use is a practical strategy. This allows tendons to rest and reduces cumulative stress that can lead to inflammation. For example, those who frequently use hand tools or type for extended periods should incorporate short rest periods into their routine.
Practicing proper ergonomics for hand and wrist tasks significantly reduces the risk of future occurrences. This includes using ergonomically designed tools or adding cushioned grips to handles of frequently used items like steering wheels or power tools. These modifications lessen direct friction and strain on the tendons. Regularly performing warm-up exercises and gentle stretches for hands and fingers maintains flexibility and strength, promoting overall hand health and reducing susceptibility to tendon irritation.
When Non-Surgical Treatment Isn’t Enough
If non-surgical treatments do not provide sufficient relief, or if pain and stiffness worsen despite consistent efforts, further medical evaluation is advisable. A healthcare professional can assess the condition’s progression and determine the next course of action. When conservative measures, including rest, splinting, medications, and injections, have been exhausted without resolving the issue, surgical intervention may be considered. Surgery, typically an outpatient procedure, widens the tendon sheath to allow the tendon to glide freely, restoring normal finger movement.