Having braces is a common way to achieve a straighter smile, but some individuals might notice their gums appearing to grow over their braces during treatment. This phenomenon is a common and often temporary condition that many orthodontic patients experience. It is a treatable issue, and understanding its nature can help manage expectations during orthodontic care.
Understanding Gum Overgrowth Around Braces
Gum overgrowth, scientifically known as gingival hyperplasia or gingival enlargement, refers to the inflammation and enlargement of gum tissue around the teeth. With braces, this occurs when gum tissue swells and appears to cover parts of the brackets or wires.
A main reason for this overgrowth is the accumulation of plaque and bacteria around the braces. Brackets and wires create additional surfaces where food particles and plaque can easily get trapped, making cleaning challenging. If not removed, this sticky film of bacteria irritates the gums, leading to inflammation and swelling, a condition known as gingivitis. Mechanical irritation from the braces themselves, as they rub against the gum tissue, can also stimulate gum growth. Some individuals may also be more prone to this due to their individual inflammatory response or hormonal changes, such as during puberty.
Essential Oral Hygiene and Preventive Steps
Maintaining diligent oral hygiene is the primary defense against gum overgrowth when wearing braces. Brushing your teeth at least twice daily, and ideally after every meal, is recommended. Using a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste is gentle on the gums while effectively removing plaque. Pay specific attention to cleaning around the brackets and wires by angling the brush both above and below the orthodontic appliance. Electric toothbrushes can be effective in reaching all areas and removing plaque.
Flossing daily is equally important for preventing gum overgrowth. Traditional floss can be challenging with braces, so specialized tools like floss threaders or orthodontic floss are useful for navigating between teeth and under the wires. Water flossers also offer an effective alternative, dislodging food particles and plaque from hard-to-reach areas. Rinsing with an antimicrobial mouthwash can further help reduce bacteria and plaque, but it should be an addition to, not a replacement for, mechanical brushing and flossing. Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings throughout orthodontic treatment are also important to monitor gum health and address any plaque or tartar buildup.
Professional Solutions for Gum Overgrowth
When gum overgrowth is significant or does not respond to improved at-home oral hygiene, professional interventions become necessary. A dentist or orthodontist might recommend a deep cleaning, also known as scaling and root planing, to remove stubborn plaque and tartar below the gumline. This procedure helps reduce inflammation and can lead to a reduction in gum swelling and overgrowth within six to eight weeks. Your orthodontist can also adjust your braces to alleviate pressure on the gums, which can help reduce overgrowth.
If non-surgical approaches are not sufficient, surgical interventions may be considered. A common procedure is a gingivectomy, involving the surgical removal of excess gum tissue. This can be performed using a traditional scalpel or with a laser. Laser gum reshaping offers advantages such as precise tissue removal, reduced bleeding, and faster healing times compared to traditional methods. Diode lasers are suitable for orthodontic soft tissue applications.
After such procedures, patients are advised on post-operative care, which may include using an antimicrobial rinse and resuming gentle brushing after a short period. Consult with an orthodontist or dentist to determine the most appropriate course of action for your situation.