False teeth, or dentures, are removable appliances designed to replace missing teeth and surrounding tissues. Whether a full set or a partial, these devices are made from durable acrylic and can experience breakage, cracking, or a loosening of fit over time. Damage requires immediate attention to prevent discomfort or further damage to the appliance or the mouth. Understanding the difference between a temporary, stopgap measure and a permanent, professional solution is important for protecting your health and dental investment.
Immediate Temporary Repairs
A broken denture can be temporarily managed using specialized, over-the-counter denture repair kits purchased from a pharmacy. These kits typically contain a powder and liquid mixture, often a methacrylate-based acrylic, designed to mend minor hairline cracks or reattach an existing chipped tooth. Carefully follow the instructions, as the liquid component is often flammable and the mixture must be applied quickly before it sets. This type of repair is intended only as a short-term solution until a dental professional can be seen.
If a whole tooth has fallen out, some kits contain moldable thermoplastic beads that can be heated and shaped to temporarily fill the gap. When handling the damaged appliance, always work over a soft surface, like a folded towel or a basin of water, to cushion the impact in case of a drop. Never attempt to wear a severely broken denture, as the sharp edges can cause significant irritation or injury to the gums and soft tissues of the mouth.
Limitations and Dangers of Home Fixes
It can be tempting to reach for a common household adhesive like Super Glue for a quick fix, but this action is highly discouraged and potentially dangerous. Most super glues contain cyanoacrylate, a chemical compound not intended for oral use that can react poorly with the sensitive tissues in the mouth. Ingesting this or other toxic components, such as formaldehyde and acetic acid found in some formulas, can lead to throat irritation or stomach issues.
Beyond the health risks, these adhesives fail structurally because they are not designed to withstand the constant moisture and fluctuating temperatures inside the mouth. Saliva degrades the bond, meaning the repair will fail quickly and likely worsen the original break. The imprecise application of household glue can also permanently distort the fit of the denture, making it impossible for a dental lab to perform a proper, lasting repair later on.
When Professional Repair is Required
Any damage beyond a minor crack needs the attention of a dental professional, who can provide a permanent solution ranging from simple repair to a complete structural overhaul. A simple repair involves bonding the broken pieces back together using specialized dental acrylics and is suitable for clean fractures. This process is typically performed in a dental lab and ensures the correct alignment and structural integrity of the appliance.
If the denture feels loose but is not broken, the issue is likely due to natural changes in the gums and jawbone over time, which cause the supporting bone structure to resorb. A professional may recommend a reline, which involves adding new acrylic material to the fitting surface of the denture that rests against the gum tissue. A hard reline uses a durable acrylic and is done in the lab, while a soft reline uses a more pliable, cushion-like material for patients with sensitive gum tissue.
A more extensive procedure is known as a rebase, where the existing teeth are preserved, but the entire acrylic base material is replaced with new plastic. Rebasing is typically recommended when the base is severely weakened, cracked, or if the denture is very old and a reline is insufficient to restore stability. This comprehensive process ensures a smooth, clean surface and a precise fit, thereby extending the useful life of the denture.
Routine Care to Avoid Breakage
Preventing breakage is significantly easier and less costly than managing an emergency repair. When cleaning your dentures, always stand over a folded towel or a water-filled sink to provide a cushion if they accidentally slip from your grasp.
It is advisable to soak the appliance overnight in a denture-specific cleaning solution or plain water, as allowing them to dry out can compromise their structure. Use a soft-bristled brush and an approved denture cleanser, avoiding regular toothpaste which can be too abrasive and scratch the surface. Regular dental checkups are also important, as a professional can identify a subtle shift in fit before it leads to discomfort or a structural failure.