Elbow bursitis is a common condition causing discomfort and limiting arm movement. It involves inflammation of the fluid-filled sac at the tip of the elbow. While often painful, this condition generally responds well to various treatment approaches. Understanding the nature of elbow bursitis and the available options is important for managing symptoms and promoting recovery. This guide explores ways to address and prevent elbow bursitis.
What Elbow Bursitis Is
Elbow bursitis, formally known as olecranon bursitis, is the inflammation of the olecranon bursa. This thin, fluid-filled sac sits at the bony tip of the elbow, cushioning the bone and skin for smooth movement. When irritated, the bursa accumulates excess fluid, causing characteristic swelling.
The most common sign is noticeable swelling at the back of the elbow, sometimes resembling a golf ball. This swelling often causes pain, especially with pressure or during bending. If infected, the skin over the area may appear red and feel warm.
Elbow bursitis can develop from several sources. These include a direct blow or trauma to the elbow, or prolonged pressure from frequently leaning on hard surfaces. Infection can also cause it if bacteria enter the bursa through a skin break. Underlying medical conditions like gout or rheumatoid arthritis are sometimes associated with its development.
Self-Care Approaches
Managing elbow bursitis often begins with self-care strategies to reduce inflammation and discomfort. Resting the affected elbow is a primary step, involving avoiding aggravating activities and limiting movement that places direct pressure on the elbow. This allows the bursa to heal.
Applying ice helps decrease swelling and pain, especially within the first 48 hours. An ice pack, wrapped in a thin towel, can be applied for 15 to 20 minutes, several times daily. After initial swelling reduces, warm compresses can improve blood flow and ease stiffness.
Compression, using a wrap or sleeve, helps control swelling and provides gentle support. Keeping the elbow elevated, especially when resting, minimizes fluid accumulation. Over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or naproxen, can reduce pain and inflammation.
Protecting the elbow from further irritation is also beneficial. Wearing an elbow pad cushions the area and prevents pressure during daily activities. Modifying tasks to avoid leaning on the elbow also aids recovery. These measures are often effective for mild to moderate cases.
Professional Treatment Options
If self-care measures do not alleviate symptoms within a few weeks, or if signs of infection like fever, spreading redness, or increased pain develop, seek professional medical evaluation. A healthcare provider will begin with a physical examination and medical history review. Imaging tests like X-rays may rule out bone issues, while ultrasound or MRI can provide detailed views of the bursa and surrounding tissues.
To determine infection, a doctor might perform fluid aspiration, draining a small fluid sample from the bursa for laboratory analysis. If infection is confirmed, antibiotics will be prescribed. For non-infected cases, stronger prescription anti-inflammatory medications may be considered.
Fluid aspiration can also relieve pressure and discomfort from excessive fluid buildup, even without infection. Following aspiration, or as a standalone treatment for persistent inflammation, a corticosteroid injection directly into the bursa may be administered. This reduces swelling and pain, but is not used if infection is suspected.
Physical therapy can improve elbow mobility, strengthen surrounding muscles, and guide activity modification. In rare instances, if other treatments are unsuccessful or in cases of chronic, severe infection, surgical removal of the bursa (bursectomy) may be considered. This outpatient procedure typically allows the bursa to regenerate over several months.
Steps to Avoid Future Issues
Preventing elbow bursitis recurrence involves protective measures and modifying daily habits. Using elbow pads or cushioning during activities like working at a desk or sports can reduce pressure on the bursa. Adjusting ergonomic setups at work or home to avoid prolonged direct pressure is also beneficial.
Being mindful of repetitive motions or direct trauma helps prevent irritation. For those in physical activities or sports, ensuring proper technique and gradual progression minimizes strain. Addressing any underlying medical conditions contributing to bursitis also aids long-term prevention. These steps help maintain elbow health.