Cervical vertigo, also known as cervicogenic dizziness, is a type of imbalance or dizziness originating from issues within the neck, specifically the cervical spine. It differs from other forms of vertigo, which may arise from inner ear problems, by its direct link to neck movement or posture. It can significantly affect daily life, causing unsteadiness and disorientation.
Understanding Cervical Vertigo
Cervical vertigo is often a diagnosis of exclusion, confirmed by ruling out other causes like inner ear disorders or neurological conditions. It typically stems from cervical spine problems, including injuries like whiplash, arthritis, muscle tension, or poor posture. These neck-related issues can disrupt the intricate balance system.
The neck maintains balance and coordination through proprioceptors in its muscles and joints. These receptors send signals to the brain about head position and movement. When the cervical spine is compromised, these signals become faulty, creating a mismatch with visual and vestibular system input. This sensory conflict causes dizziness, unsteadiness, or a floating sensation, distinct from the spinning associated with other vertigo types.
Professional Medical Approaches
Healthcare professionals often guide a multi-faceted approach to cervical vertigo. Physical therapy is a primary intervention, restoring neck mobility, strengthening muscles, and improving balance. Therapists use exercises like neck flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation to enhance range of motion and reduce muscle tension.
Physical therapy also includes gaze stabilization exercises, which steady the eyes during head movements, and balance training. Manual therapy, such as mobilizations or manipulations, can address cervical spine joint restrictions. Some studies suggest manual therapy can reduce dizziness and improve neck mobility in the short term.
Pharmacological interventions typically manage symptoms, not offering a direct cure. Muscle relaxants can alleviate neck tightness, and anti-inflammatory drugs may reduce pain. Anti-dizziness medications can also be prescribed. Nerve blocks or injections might be considered if severe pain or nerve compression contributes to symptoms.
Self-Care and Lifestyle Adjustments
Managing cervical vertigo at home involves practical strategies and lifestyle modifications that complement professional treatment. Maintaining good posture, especially during prolonged sitting or screen use, reduces neck strain. Ergonomic adjustments, like proper computer monitor and chair positioning, support neutral spine alignment.
Gentle neck stretches and exercises, approved by a healthcare professional, can improve flexibility and reduce muscle stiffness. Avoiding sudden neck movements can also prevent dizziness onset or worsening.
Stress management techniques, such as mindfulness or relaxation, can be beneficial, as anxiety and stress may influence symptom severity by affecting muscle tone. Adequate sleep supports physical recovery and reduces neck muscle tension.
When to Seek Medical Help
Consult a healthcare provider if you experience persistent or worsening dizziness, especially with neck pain. A medical evaluation is necessary to distinguish cervical vertigo from other conditions with similar symptoms.
Seek immediate medical attention if dizziness occurs alongside severe symptoms like sudden, intense headache, chest pain, double vision, slurred speech, or limb weakness or numbness. These symptoms could indicate a more serious underlying condition requiring urgent care.