A fingernail that appears to be growing “sideways” typically refers to abnormal curvature, often medically termed a pincer nail, or an ingrown nail where the edge pierces the surrounding skin. This distortion can cause significant discomfort and aesthetic concerns. Understanding the underlying cause and having a practical plan for correction and prevention makes the issue manageable.
Understanding Why Nails Grow Sideways
The sideways curling of a nail, known as a pincer nail, occurs when the nail plate tightens its curve along its width, pinching the nail bed underneath. The underlying cause is a distortion of the nail matrix, the area beneath the cuticle where nail growth originates. This matrix can be genetically predisposed to produce a curved nail plate, or it may be affected by external factors that disrupt its function.
One common factor is repetitive micro-trauma, such as constantly tapping the fingernail or engaging in activities that cause repeated pressure to the nail tip. Improper trimming is another frequent culprit, especially cutting the nail too short or rounding the edges excessively, which encourages the nail to grow into the lateral skin folds. Certain medical conditions can also change the nail’s shape, including fungal infections, psoriasis, or the presence of a subungual tumor or cyst that physically pushes on the nail matrix.
Immediate Home Care and Correction Techniques
For mild cases where the nail is beginning to curve or press into the skin, careful home care can relieve pressure and redirect growth. The first step involves softening the nail and surrounding tissue by soaking the affected finger in warm water for 15 to 20 minutes daily. Adding a small amount of Epsom salt can help. This soaking helps to reduce inflammation and makes the nail plate more pliable for correction.
After soaking, trim the nail correctly by cutting straight across the top edge without tapering the sides or cutting into the corners. It is important to leave the corners slightly past the skin to prevent the nail from burrowing as it grows out. If the nail edge is already pressing into the skin, gently lift the corner and insert a tiny piece of cotton wick or dental floss beneath it. This temporary splint acts as a wedge to redirect the nail plate away from the skin. This process should be repeated daily after soaking, using a fresh, clean material.
You can also use a fine-grit nail file or buffer to gently thin the center of the nail plate, which reduces the tension causing the curvature. Never attempt to dig out the nail or cut a deep V-shape into the center, as this can worsen the issue or introduce infection. Discontinue home treatment immediately if you see signs of infection, such as increased redness, swelling, pus, or throbbing pain.
Medical Treatments and Professional Consultation
If home care does not resolve the issue within a few days, or if the finger develops signs of infection like drainage or severe pain, consult a medical professional, such as a dermatologist or podiatrist. A doctor can diagnose if the curvature is due to an infection requiring prescription topical or oral medication. They can also determine if the issue stems from an underlying structural problem.
For persistent or severe curvature, a professional may suggest non-invasive corrective techniques, such as applying a specialized nail bracing system. These tiny devices are bonded to the nail surface and exert a gentle, upward force to gradually flatten the nail plate as it grows. If the nail has severely pinched the skin or caused recurring infections, a minor surgical procedure may be necessary.
One common surgical option is a partial nail plate excision, where the offending sliver of nail is removed under local anesthesia. For a permanent solution to a chronic, severely curved nail, a procedure called a matrixectomy may be performed. This involves removing the lateral portion of the nail matrix, often using a chemical like phenol, to prevent that section of the nail from growing back, thereby permanently narrowing the nail plate.
Long-Term Prevention of Abnormal Growth
Preventing recurrence relies on establishing consistent and proper nail care habits. Always maintain a straight-across trimming technique, avoiding the temptation to round the edges, which is a major contributor to ingrown nails. Trimming the nail when it is slightly soft, such as after a shower, can also reduce the risk of splintering or tearing the nail plate.
Protecting your hands from repetitive trauma and excessive moisture is important for maintaining healthy nail growth. Wear protective gloves when performing manual labor, gardening, or when hands are frequently immersed in water or cleaning solutions. Regularly moisturizing the nail plate and surrounding cuticle area helps maintain flexibility and reduce the brittleness that can lead to abnormal splitting or curling.