A broken toenail involves a crack, split, or partial detachment of the nail plate. This can occur from various incidents, such as stubbing a toe or dropping an object on the foot. Proper management of a broken toenail is important to prevent complications like infection and to support healthy nail regrowth. This article offers guidance on at-home care and identifies situations requiring professional medical attention.
Immediate Care for a Broken Toenail
Immediately clean the affected area with mild soap and water. If bleeding occurs, apply direct, steady pressure using a clean cloth or gauze pad for about 10 minutes. If bleeding continues for more than 15 minutes, seek medical attention. To manage pain and reduce swelling, elevate the foot using pillows so it rests above heart level. Applying an ice pack, wrapped in a thin towel, for 20-minute intervals every 3 to 6 hours during the first couple of days.
Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or naproxen, can alleviate discomfort and inflammation. After cleaning and bleeding control, protect the injured area with a sterile bandage to prevent further trauma and infection. If any part of the nail is loose or partially detached, carefully trim it with clean nail clippers to prevent it from snagging and further injury.
Ongoing Healing and Protection
As the toenail heals, maintaining cleanliness and dryness of the affected area is important. Regularly change dressings daily or when wet, to prevent bacterial accumulation and promote healing. Applying a thin layer of antibiotic ointment or petroleum jelly to the nail bed before applying a fresh non-stick bandage can prevent sticking and aid healing. If the nail detaches, the exposed nail bed typically hardens within 7 to 10 days.
Toenails heal slowly, with complete regrowth can take 12 to 18 months, especially for a big toenail. During this period, choose footwear that does not press on the injured toe. Open-toed shoes or sandals are beneficial, especially in initial weeks, to minimize pressure and protect the healing nail. Avoid tight closed-toe shoes that could irritate the recovering nail or nail bed.
When to Seek Professional Medical Attention
Certain signs indicate the need for professional medical evaluation of a broken toenail. If there are signs of infection, such as increasing redness, significant swelling, warmth, or pus/fluid drainage, a doctor or podiatrist should be consulted. Severe or persistent pain not improving with home care also warrants professional assessment.
Medical attention is also necessary if the toenail is completely detached, or if the injury involves a deep nail bed laceration. Crushing incidents, which might suggest underlying bone damage, also require prompt medical evaluation. A healthcare provider can assess the injury, check for fractures with an X-ray, and provide treatment, which may include antibiotics.
Preventing Future Toenail Injuries
Proper nail trimming techniques reduce the risk of future toenail injuries. Always trim toenails straight across, avoiding rounded corners, to prevent ingrown toenails. Do not cut toenails too short; leave a small amount of nail beyond the skin edge to protect the nail bed. Using clippers specifically designed for toenails, which have a wider jaw, ensure a cleaner, more precise cut.
Wear properly fitting shoes with adequate toe room to prevent pressure and trauma to the toenails. Shoes that are too tight or too loose can contribute to injuries. Protect feet during activities with trauma risk, such as sports or heavy lifting, by wearing appropriate protective footwear. Consistent nail care, including regular trimming, helps keep toenails at a safe length.