A pedal pulse is the rhythmic throbbing sensation felt in the arteries of the foot, indicating blood flow to the lower extremities. It assesses the circulatory health of an individual’s feet, providing insights into whether blood adequately reaches the furthest points of the body. Observing pedal pulses can offer early indications of various circulatory conditions.
Understanding Pedal Pulses
Checking pedal pulses is an important practice for monitoring circulation in the lower limbs. A consistent blood supply is necessary for tissue health and function. Issues with blood flow can signal underlying health concerns.
The two main arteries where a pedal pulse is assessed are the dorsalis pedis artery and the posterior tibial artery. The dorsalis pedis artery is located on the top surface of the foot, running down towards the toes, and is a continuation of the anterior tibial artery, supplying oxygenated blood to the upper part of the foot. The posterior tibial artery is found behind the inner ankle bone, known as the medial malleolus. This artery is a branch of the popliteal artery and supplies blood to the sole of the foot and parts of the lower leg. Both arteries are superficial enough to be palpated.
Step-by-Step Guide to Locating
To find the dorsalis pedis pulse, position the foot comfortably. Locate the tendon of the big toe (extensor hallucis longus) by asking the person to gently lift their big toe. Place the tips of your index and middle fingers gently on the top of the foot, just to the side of this tendon, usually between the first and second toes, and slightly towards the ankle. Apply light pressure and slowly move your fingers around this general area until you feel a pulse.
For the posterior tibial pulse, the foot should be relaxed. Identify the medial malleolus, the prominent bony bump on the inside of the ankle. Place your index and middle fingertips in the groove located behind and slightly below this bone. The artery runs between the medial malleolus and the Achilles tendon. Apply gentle to moderate pressure against the bone beneath your fingers.
When attempting to locate either pulse, use the pads of your index and middle fingers, as the thumb has its own pulse. Avoid pressing too hard, as excessive pressure can compress the artery and make it undetectable. If you are having difficulty, try adjusting the foot’s position slightly or adjusting finger placement. If one foot’s pulse is hard to find, check the other foot to compare.
Interpreting and Responding to Findings
Once a pedal pulse is located, observe its characteristics: rate, rhythm, and strength. A normal pedal pulse typically feels strong and regular. The strength of the pulse can be described as easily palpable.
Sometimes, a pedal pulse may be difficult to find or seem absent, even in individuals with adequate circulation. Factors such as thick skin, swelling in the foot or ankle, or anatomical variations can make detection challenging. If a pulse is not found, try repositioning your fingers, adjusting the pressure, or checking the other foot for comparison.
A consistently absent or very weak pedal pulse, especially with symptoms like leg pain during activity, numbness, tingling, or changes in skin color or temperature, may indicate reduced blood flow. If a pedal pulse is consistently absent, significantly weaker than the pulse in the other foot, or if other concerning symptoms are present, consult a healthcare professional. These findings can suggest conditions affecting the arteries.