Centipedes are arthropods characterized by their segmented bodies and numerous legs. They can sometimes appear in homes and gardens, and this article provides guidance on identifying them, understanding their preferred habitats, and approaching them safely.
Centipede Identification
Centipedes possess elongated, flattened bodies divided into multiple segments, with each segment bearing a single pair of legs. They typically exhibit colors ranging from yellowish-brown to reddish-brown, though some species can be gray or even have distinct stripes. For example, many common house centipedes are grayish-yellow with three dark longitudinal stripes on their bodies and banded legs. Their legs can be quite long, particularly the last pair, which might resemble antennae.
A key distinguishing feature of centipedes is their rapid, undulating movement, allowing them to move swiftly as they hunt. This contrasts with millipedes, which have rounder bodies and two pairs of legs per segment, resulting in a slower, wave-like motion. Centipedes also have prominent, segmented antennae used for sensing their environment. Behind their head, they have a pair of modified legs called forcipules, which are venomous claws used to capture prey.
Common Centipede Habitats
Centipedes seek out environments that are dark, damp, and sheltered, as their bodies lack the waxy coating found on many other arthropods, making them susceptible to water loss. Their nocturnal nature means they are most active at night, avoiding direct sunlight and higher temperatures.
Outdoors, centipedes are frequently found under rocks, logs, and leaf litter. They also inhabit mulch, garden debris, and compost piles, where moisture is abundant and prey is plentiful. These areas offer the necessary humidity and concealment. In gardens, their presence is often considered beneficial due to their predatory role in consuming other insects.
Indoors, centipedes are drawn to areas that mimic their preferred outdoor conditions. Basements, crawl spaces, bathrooms, and laundry rooms are common indoor habitats because of their dampness and reduced light. Areas near plumbing leaks or damp foundations also attract them. They often enter homes in search of moisture or prey, such as spiders, cockroaches, and silverfish. Their presence indoors can sometimes indicate an existing pest issue, as they follow their food sources.
Approaching Centipedes Safely
When encountering a centipede, it is important to exercise caution. While centipedes are not typically aggressive, larger species can deliver a painful bite if they feel threatened. The bite is generally comparable to a bee or wasp sting, causing localized pain and swelling, but it is rarely life-threatening to humans. It is advisable to avoid direct handling of centipedes.
For observation, a flashlight can be used to spot them in dark areas. If a centipede needs to be removed from a home, a simple and safe method involves placing a clear plastic or glass container over it and then sliding a piece of stiff paper or cardboard underneath. This allows for the centipede to be safely contained and released outdoors, away from the structure. Centipedes are considered beneficial predators, as they consume various household pests like spiders, silverfish, and cockroaches.