Receding gums, also known as gingival recession, occurs when the gum tissue surrounding the teeth pulls back, exposing the tooth roots. This can lead to increased tooth sensitivity, as the roots lack the protective enamel covering the visible part of the tooth. When left unaddressed, gum recession can contribute to tooth decay, infection, and, in severe cases, tooth loss. While a common issue, effective strategies exist to manage and prevent its progression.
What Causes Gums to Recede
Aggressive tooth brushing, using excessive force or a hard-bristled toothbrush, can wear away delicate gum tissue. Poor oral hygiene allows plaque and tartar to accumulate, leading to gingivitis and potentially more severe periodontal disease. This bacterial infection directly damages gum tissue and the underlying bone, causing gums to recede.
Some individuals have a genetic predisposition to receding gums due to inherited factors like gum thickness or tooth positioning. Tobacco use, including smoking and chewing tobacco, has a detrimental effect on gum health, increasing the risk of recession. Habits like teeth grinding or clenching (bruxism) place undue pressure on the teeth and gums, contributing to recession. Misaligned teeth or an abnormal bite can also make gums more vulnerable to damage and recession. Hormonal changes, such as those experienced during pregnancy, puberty, or menopause, can impact gum health and potentially lead to recession. Oral piercings, especially in the lip or tongue, can irritate gum tissue, causing it to wear away.
Daily Habits for Gum Health
Maintaining healthy gums begins with proper brushing technique. Using a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste, brush twice daily for at least two minutes, positioning the bristles at a 45-degree angle towards the gumline. Gentle, circular motions are effective for removing plaque without causing damage to the gums. It is important to replace your toothbrush every three to four months, or sooner if the bristles appear frayed.
Daily flossing is a cornerstone of gum health, reaching areas between teeth and below the gumline that a toothbrush cannot access. This practice removes trapped food particles and plaque, reducing the risk of gum disease. Incorporating an antiseptic mouthwash into your routine can further reduce oral bacteria and help prevent plaque buildup.
Other key habits for gum health include:
- Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings to remove hardened plaque (tartar or calculus).
- A healthy diet rich in vitamins and minerals, such as citrus fruits, leafy greens, and dairy products, to strengthen gum tissue and bones.
- Limiting sugary and acidic foods, which contribute to tooth decay and gum irritation.
- Quitting tobacco products to significantly improve gum health and reduce gum disease risk.
- Consulting a dentist about a custom-fitted nightguard if you grind your teeth (bruxism).
Dental Treatments for Receding Gums
Professional deep cleaning, known as scaling and root planing, is often an initial step for receding gums caused by plaque-induced gum disease. Scaling involves meticulously removing plaque and tartar from tooth surfaces and beneath the gumline. Following this, root planing smooths the root surfaces, making it more difficult for bacteria to reattach and encouraging the gums to reattach to the tooth.
For more advanced cases, gum grafting is a common surgical procedure. This involves taking healthy gum tissue, often from the roof of the patient’s mouth or utilizing donor tissue, and carefully attaching it to the areas where the gums have receded. The purpose of gum grafting is to cover exposed tooth roots, reduce sensitivity, and prevent further recession and potential bone loss.
Regenerative procedures aim to encourage the regrowth of lost bone and gum tissue. Techniques such as guided tissue regeneration or bone grafting can be employed, particularly when significant bone loss has occurred due to severe gum disease. These procedures help to rebuild the supporting structures around the teeth.
Orthodontic Treatment
Orthodontic treatment, which involves realigning misaligned teeth, can help reduce undue pressure on the gums and improve gum margins, making them easier to clean.
Dental Bonding or Composite Restoration
Dental bonding or composite restoration involves applying a tooth-colored resin to cover exposed root surfaces. This treatment can reduce tooth sensitivity and improve the aesthetic appearance of the affected teeth.
Knowing When to See a Dentist
Recognizing the signs of gum recession and seeking professional dental advice early can significantly impact treatment outcomes. A visible recession of the gum tissue, where teeth appear longer than usual, is a clear indicator. Increased tooth sensitivity, particularly to hot or cold temperatures, often signals exposed tooth roots.
Other warning signs that warrant a dental visit include:
- Changes in tooth color near the gumline, indicating exposed dentin.
- Pain or discomfort in the gums.
- Bleeding gums during brushing or flossing.
- Persistent bad breath.
- Loose teeth.
Prompt consultation with a dentist is advised for proper diagnosis and intervention if you notice any of these symptoms.