An uneven lawn presents more than just an aesthetic issue; it can pose practical problems for homeowners. Depressions and bumps create tripping hazards and can lead to poor water drainage, resulting in localized soggy spots or patches of dry turf. A common frustration is “scalping,” which occurs when a mower blade cuts the grass too short over a high spot, damaging the turf and inviting disease. Leveling the lawn improves safety, promotes consistent turf health, and ensures a cleaner, more uniform cut during mowing.
Identifying the Causes of Unevenness
Understanding the source of the unevenness is important for a long-term solution. Natural soil settling is a common factor, particularly in new construction areas where the ground was recently disturbed. Poor initial grading or improper drainage can cause water to flow across the lawn, leading to gradual soil erosion and the development of shallow channels.
Heavy foot traffic or the placement of temporary structures can also compact the soil in specific areas, creating noticeable depressions. Finally, the subterranean activity of pests like moles and voles can leave behind tunnels and surface mounds that disrupt the smooth profile of the turf. Diagnosing the underlying cause helps determine whether a simple surface application or a more invasive repair is necessary.
Preparing the Leveling Mixture and Tools
Effective lawn leveling relies on the proper composition of the topdressing material. A standard leveling mixture consists of approximately 50% fine sand, 25% screened topsoil, and 25% finished compost. The sand component resists compaction and provides the structural stability needed to fill depressions. The inclusion of topsoil and compost ensures the mixture retains moisture and introduces organic matter, which supports the existing grass roots as the new layer settles.
Mixing these components thoroughly in a wheelbarrow or on a tarp before application ensures a uniform consistency across the lawn. For application, you will need a stiff-bristled push broom, a wide leveling rake or drag mat, and a shovel to dispense the material.
Step-by-Step Guide for Filling Shallow Areas
For shallow depressions, generally those less than one inch deep, the most common and least disruptive method is topdressing. Begin by mowing the lawn at the lowest recommended setting for your turf type to ensure maximum exposure of the soil surface. If the area is heavily thatched or compacted, a light dethatching or aeration can promote better integration of the leveling mix into the existing soil structure. The goal is to apply the mixture in thin, controlled layers rather than overloading the grass, which can suffocate the turf.
Use a shovel to lightly spread the prepared material over the targeted shallow area, focusing only on the depression itself. Next, use a stiff-bristled broom or the back of a leveling rake to work the mixture down into the base of the turf canopy. It is important that the grass blades remain visible and are not completely buried by the leveling material after application. The layer should be thin enough that the grass can grow through it quickly.
Once the mixture is evenly distributed and level with the surrounding grade, water the area thoroughly. Consistent watering helps settle the new material and encourages the grass roots to grow into the added soil and sand. Multiple, thin applications are always preferable to a single thick layer when addressing shallow irregularities. This approach minimizes the risk of suffocating the existing turf while still achieving the desired uniform surface.
Addressing Significant Mounds and Deep Holes
Areas with significant elevation changes, such as holes deeper than 1.5 inches or pronounced mounds, require a more invasive approach than simple topdressing. For a deep hole, use a flat-edged shovel or a sod cutter to carefully cut around the perimeter of the depression and peel back the sod like a piece of carpet. This preserves the existing grass material for reinstallation. Fill the void underneath with native topsoil, not the sandy leveling mixture, until the base is slightly below the surrounding grade.
Tamp the soil gently to prevent future settling, then roll the sod back into place, ensuring the edges align seamlessly. For addressing a mound, the process is reversed after the sod is peeled back. Instead of adding material, carefully excavate the excess soil underneath the elevated area until the base is level with the surrounding ground. Once the excess soil is removed, tamp the remaining base lightly and roll the sod back over the area.
After performing these major repairs, the repaired sections must be watered consistently for several weeks. This practice promotes rapid root re-establishment and ensures the newly placed sod integrates with the existing lawn.