A colostomy bag, also known as an ostomy pouch, is an appliance worn externally over a surgically created opening, or stoma, on the abdomen. This device collects output from the colon, which bypasses the usual path through the rectum and anus. Learning the correct and routine method for emptying this pouch is a fundamental skill for individuals with a colostomy. This process is designed to be straightforward and hygienic.
Necessary Preparation and Timing
Establishing a consistent routine for emptying the pouch is important for comfort and security. The optimal time to drain the colostomy pouch is when it is between one-third and one-half full of waste. Waiting until the pouch is too full can cause it to become heavy, creating tension on the adhesive skin barrier, which may lead to leakage.
Before starting, gather a few items to ensure a clean and efficient experience. Supplies typically include toilet paper or specialized dry wipes for cleaning the tailpiece, and disposable gloves if desired. Placing toilet paper in the toilet bowl water before beginning helps minimize splashing when the contents are released. If output measurement is required, a measuring container may be used, but aiming directly into the toilet is the most common method.
Step-by-Step Drainage Procedure
The physical act of drainage begins with positioning oneself comfortably and securely over the toilet. Many individuals find it easiest to sit on the toilet facing forward, though sitting backward or standing can be used depending on personal preference. The goal is to ensure a clear line of sight and avoid soiling clothing or surrounding areas.
Once positioned, carefully release the closure system at the bottom of the pouch, often a clamp, clip, or integrated Velcro-style closure. Unroll the tail of the pouch downward, directing the opening into the toilet bowl. The contents are released by allowing the pouch to drain, often with a slight downward pressure to ensure complete emptying.
If the contents are thicker, gently squeezing the sides of the pouch from the top downward helps move the waste toward the opening. Aiming the contents toward the side of the toilet bowl or beneath the water line helps reduce splashing. Some people prefer to flush the toilet while emptying the pouch to help control odor and clear the bowl quickly.
If the pouch is difficult to empty completely, direct a small amount of water from a squeeze bottle into the pouch to rinse down residual material. Avoid aggressive rinsing or allowing water to get near the skin barrier, as this may compromise the adhesive seal. Complete the drainage process without rushing to ensure the pouch is as empty as possible.
Cleaning, Closure, and Waste Disposal
Once the pouch is fully drained, the tailpiece or drainage spout must be thoroughly cleaned to prevent odor and maintain a secure seal. Wipe the inside and outside edges of the tailpiece using toilet paper or a dry wipe to remove any residual stool. This cleaning is essential for the closure mechanism to function correctly and prevent seepage.
If a liquid deodorizer or lubricant is used, a few drops can be placed into the empty pouch, which helps neutralize odor and facilitates the next drainage. These products are safe for the pouch material and the stoma. The cleaned tailpiece is then sealed by rolling or folding it up and securing the original closure device, whether it is a clip, clamp, or integrated seal.
Contaminated items, such as used toilet paper or disposable gloves, must be placed into a small plastic bag and disposed of in the trash, not flushed. Finally, washing the hands thoroughly with soap and water after completing the closure is necessary to maintain hygiene. This sequence ensures the pouch is secure, clean, and ready to continue collecting waste until the next drainage.