Hydrogen water is standard drinking water infused with molecular hydrogen gas (\(\text{H}_2\)), a tasteless and odorless compound. This infusion leverages the potential antioxidant and signaling properties of molecular hydrogen within the body. Unlike the hydrogen bound in \(\text{H}_2\text{O}\), hydrogen water contains extra dissolved \(\text{H}_2\) molecules. Understanding the correct methods for sourcing, preparing, and consuming this beverage is necessary to maximize the delivery of the dissolved gas.
Preparation and Sourcing
Consumers typically obtain hydrogen water through one of three primary methods: pre-packaged bottles, hydrogen-generating tablets, or dedicated machines. Pre-packaged hydrogen water is designed to maintain \(\text{H}_2\) concentration until opened, often utilizing specialized, pressurized aluminum cans or thick, non-permeable pouches. These materials are selected because hydrogen is the smallest molecule and can rapidly escape from standard plastic or thin glass containers.
Hydrogen-generating tablets are a convenient, portable option, typically containing elemental magnesium that reacts with water to produce dissolved \(\text{H}_2\) gas. To use them effectively, they must be dropped into a sealable container, which should be closed tightly immediately to trap the released gas. The reaction is more efficient in cold water, though dissolution may take slightly longer.
Dedicated hydrogen generators use electrolysis, passing an electric current through the water to separate \(\text{H}_2\text{O}\) into hydrogen and oxygen gas. Modern generators often employ a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) to ensure only pure hydrogen is infused, venting oxygen and byproducts like chlorine away. Once the generation cycle is complete, the water should be consumed quickly to prevent the volatile gas from escaping.
Optimal Consumption Methods
The timing and speed of consumption are paramount because \(\text{H}_2\) gas is highly volatile and begins to escape immediately upon exposure to air. For maximum benefit, consume the water immediately after preparation or within 30 minutes of opening a pre-packaged container. Drinking quickly ensures a higher concentration of dissolved hydrogen is absorbed into the bloodstream.
Consuming hydrogen water on an empty stomach, such as first thing in the morning or between meals, may enhance absorption. Waiting 15 to 20 minutes after drinking before eating helps ensure the body fully absorbs the hydrogen molecules. Timing consumption around physical activity is also common practice.
Drinking hydrogen water approximately 30 minutes before exercise may help with hydration and endurance. Consuming it again immediately after a workout, ideally within 30 minutes, supports post-exercise recovery by reducing muscle fatigue and inflammation. The water should be room temperature or slightly chilled, as extreme temperatures, particularly hot water, cause the dissolved \(\text{H}_2\) to dissipate rapidly.
Maintaining Hydrogen Concentration
Maintaining the concentration of dissolved molecular hydrogen requires careful handling and storage due to the gas’s small size and volatility. Any container used must be completely airtight and sealed immediately after infusion. Standard thin plastic bottles or open glasses allow the \(\text{H}_2\) to escape rapidly, often leading to significant loss within an hour.
For storage, containers made from high-quality aluminum or specialized, thick-walled bottles designed for hydrogen retention are most effective. Filling the container completely, leaving no air gap, minimizes the surface area where the gas can escape. Refrigeration is beneficial, as cold temperatures help preserve the hydrogen content for longer durations.
Even when stored correctly in a sealed container, the \(\text{H}_2\) concentration will slowly decrease over time. For the highest potency, water should be consumed within the first few hours of preparation. Once opened, the hydrogen concentration drops almost instantly, necessitating rapid consumption.
Recommended Daily Intake
While there is no official Recommended Daily Intake (RDI) for molecular hydrogen, clinical studies suggest a beneficial range of consumption. Most research points to a daily intake of approximately 1 to 2 liters of hydrogen water, depending on the concentration achieved. This quantity is used in human studies aimed at observing effects like reduced oxidative stress or improved metabolic markers.
The effective dosage of dissolved \(\text{H}_2\) is measured in parts per million (ppm), where 1,000 ppb equals 1 mg of hydrogen per liter of water. A concentration of 1.0 to 2.0 ppm is commonly cited as a target for therapeutic potential. Individuals who are more active may opt for the higher end of the 1 to 2 liter range, ensuring this intake contributes to their overall daily hydration requirements.
Molecular hydrogen has a high safety profile, and unused gas is simply exhaled through the lungs. There is no known upper toxicity limit reported in clinical studies, meaning it is not possible to “overdose” on the gas. However, individuals with pre-existing conditions or those using hydrogen water for specific therapeutic purposes should consult a health professional to determine an appropriate consumption schedule.