Kriya Yoga is an ancient system of Raja Yoga that focuses on accelerating inner development through conscious energy and breath control. This path is often described as a direct, scientific method for spiritual realization, providing a practical technique rather than relying solely on philosophical study. The practice involves precise methods of pranayama (breath control) and meditation, designed to manage the vital life force within the body. The goal is to rapidly harmonize the body and mind, leading to deeper states of meditative awareness.
Defining Kriya Yoga and its Lineage
The term “Kriya” is a Sanskrit word meaning “action” or “rite,” emphasizing a path of practical application and disciplined effort. In the context of Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras, Kriya Yoga is defined by three foundational practices: self-discipline (tapas), self-study (svadhyaya), and surrender to a higher power (ishvara pranidhana). This ancient definition describes the ethical and mental preparation necessary for deeper yogic practices.
The specific system known as Kriya Yoga today was revived in the 19th century by the yogi Mahavatar Babaji, who taught it to Lahiri Mahasaya. Lahiri Mahasaya then transmitted the technique to his disciples, including Sri Yukteswar Giri, who later taught Paramahansa Yogananda. Yogananda was instrumental in bringing this lineage of Kriya Yoga to the West, describing it as a master science of the soul in his writings.
The practice is rooted in the belief that the vital life energy typically flows outward. Kriya Yoga consciously reverses this flow, directing the energy inward and upward along the spine. This redirection is said to accelerate the practitioner’s spiritual evolution. The method is structured and scientific, aiming to purify and activate the subtle energy channels (nadis) and centers (chakras).
Prerequisites for Beginning Kriya Yoga
Kriya Yoga is traditionally transmitted through a formal process called initiation, or diksha, from an authorized teacher or institution. This initiation is considered necessary to receive the full, authentic technique and the accompanying spiritual power of the lineage. The teacher provides sacred instruction and guidance.
Before initiation, a period of preparatory practice is generally required, often lasting a year or more. This preparation ensures the body and nervous system are ready to handle the intensified energy generated by the advanced techniques. Foundational practices taught include preliminary meditation techniques, such as the Hong-Sau technique for breath awareness and the Aum technique.
Aspiring practitioners must also establish a consistent daily meditation routine. This dedication helps develop the self-discipline and mental focus needed for Kriya Pranayama. The preparatory phase also involves familiarizing oneself with the spiritual teachings of the lineage and cultivating the ethical observances of the yogic path, such as the Yamas and Niyamas.
Understanding the Core Technique
The central practice of Kriya Yoga is Kriya Pranayama, an advanced technique of breath and energy control focusing on the spine. The technique involves mentally directing the life energy (prana) to revolve, both upward and downward, around the six spinal centers, or chakras. These six centers correspond to the medullary, cervical, dorsal, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses along the spinal column.
Practitioners visualize the spine as a hollow tube, guiding the energy in a circular path from the base of the spine (Muladhara) up to the spiritual eye and down again. This movement is synchronized with the breath, which is intentionally lengthened and deepened to a specific duration. The ideal Kriya breath cycle, known as the “half-minute cycle,” takes approximately 30 seconds for one complete revolution of energy.
This half-minute practice is said to effect significant spiritual progress. The technique works by oxygenating the blood and transforming the extra oxygen into life current, which rejuvenates the brain and spinal centers. While Kriya Pranayama is the core, it is accompanied by other techniques, such as Maha Mudra (a physical posture for spinal health) and mental techniques like the chanting of “Om” in the chakras during the breath cycle. The full and proper execution of these powerful techniques requires the careful, step-by-step guidance received during the formal initiation process.
Establishing a Consistent Practice Routine
Consistency is necessary for the Kriya Yoga practice to yield its intended benefits. Most Kriya lineages recommend practicing twice daily, once in the morning and once in the evening. The duration of the practice can vary, but beginners often start with a period of 20 to 45 minutes, gradually increasing the time as their capacity and concentration improve.
It is important to maintain a comfortable, upright posture throughout the entire session to keep the spine straight, facilitating the upward and downward flow of energy. The environment should be quiet, clean, and free from distractions to allow for deep focus.
Practitioners should also be mindful of the body’s condition, as practicing Kriya Pranayama on a full stomach is discouraged. Following the Kriya Pranayama, it is important to sit in silence for several minutes to absorb the subtle energy and stillness that the practice generates.