A bladder scan is a quick, non-invasive medical procedure that uses sound waves to measure the volume of urine in the bladder. This test assesses bladder function and helps healthcare providers understand various urinary issues. It is a painless process that provides immediate results, making it a valuable tool in many clinical settings.
Defining the Bladder Scan
A bladder scan, often referred to as a bladder ultrasound, uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the bladder and determine its volume. The primary purpose of this scan is to measure post-void residual (PVR) volume, which is the amount of urine remaining in the bladder after urination. This helps healthcare professionals assess how effectively the bladder is emptying. It is commonly used in cases of urinary retention or frequent urination.
Preparing for the Scan
Patients are usually instructed to have a full or partially full bladder for the procedure, as this allows for clearer imaging and more reliable volume measurements. Common instructions include drinking 3 to 4 eight-ounce glasses of water about one to two hours before the appointment. It is important not to empty the bladder immediately before the scan. Patients should wear comfortable clothing, as the lower abdomen will need to be exposed for the scan.
Performing the Scan
Performing a bladder scan involves a straightforward, quick process. The patient typically lies in a supine position, flat on their back, with their lower abdomen exposed. A healthcare provider will apply a generous amount of ultrasound gel to the patient’s lower abdomen, usually around three fingers above the pubic bone, to facilitate the transmission of sound waves. A handheld ultrasound probe, connected to the bladder scanner device, is then placed on the gelled area. The probe is gently moved and angled, often tilted slightly downwards toward the pelvic cavity, to capture a clear image of the bladder and obtain volume measurements. The process is generally painless and quick, with results appearing on the scanner screen within minutes.
Interpreting the Results
Interpreting bladder scan results primarily focuses on the bladder volume, particularly the post-void residual (PVR) volume. This measurement indicates how much urine remains in the bladder after a person has attempted to void. Generally, a PVR volume of less than 50 mL is considered normal in adults, while volumes between 50 mL and 100 mL may also be acceptable, especially in older adults. PVR volumes consistently above 200 mL are often considered abnormal and can suggest incomplete bladder emptying or urinary retention. These results provide crucial information for healthcare providers to make informed decisions regarding patient care, such as diagnosing conditions like urinary retention or evaluating the effectiveness of ongoing treatments.