A retainer is a custom oral appliance designed to maintain tooth alignment following orthodontic treatment. Because this device spends many hours in the mouth, it is constantly exposed to saliva, food debris, and oral microorganisms. When a person is ill, the retainer becomes a host for pathogens, including the viruses and bacteria responsible for the sickness. After recovering, the primary concern is to prevent re-infection by ensuring the retainer is completely disinfected before it is worn again.
Understanding the Need for Post-Illness Deep Cleaning
Daily cleaning typically involves lightly brushing and rinsing the retainer to remove visible plaque and food particles. While effective for controlling the usual buildup of oral bacteria, this routine maintenance is not designed to kill aggressive pathogens left behind by a systemic illness. A deep disinfection step is necessary because a simple rinse or brush will not eliminate all lingering viruses or infectious bacteria that may have colonized the appliance.
Illnesses such as the common cold, influenza, and strep throat introduce specific microbes to the oral environment. These pathogens, including viruses and bacteria, can survive on the plastic or acrylic material of the retainer for a period of time. Re-inserting the appliance without a proper deep clean can re-introduce these microorganisms, potentially leading to a relapse or prolonged recovery. The goal shifts from simple hygiene to full sanitization to destroy the infectious agents settled on the retainer’s surface.
Step-by-Step Approved Disinfection Methods
One of the most convenient and effective methods is using specialized retainer or denture cleaning tablets. These effervescent tablets contain agents like sodium bicarbonate and citric acid, which release oxygen bubbles to lift debris while using anti-bacterial compounds to destroy pathogens. Submerge the retainer in a full glass of water with one tablet and allow it to soak for the time specified by the manufacturer, typically 15 to 20 minutes.
A highly effective and readily available option is a diluted hydrogen peroxide solution, which acts as a strong broad-spectrum disinfectant. To prepare this solution, mix equal parts of standard 3% hydrogen peroxide with water, creating a 50/50 ratio. The retainer should be fully immersed for no more than 30 minutes, as excessive soaking can affect the material over time. Afterward, the appliance must be thoroughly rinsed under running water before being placed back in the mouth.
Diluted white vinegar provides another safe, non-toxic method for deep cleaning and is useful for breaking down calcified deposits. Create the cleaning bath by mixing white distilled vinegar and lukewarm water in a one-to-one ratio. The acetic acid in the vinegar is effective against many common oral pathogens and can help remove visible stains. Allow the retainer to soak for 15 to 20 minutes before gently brushing the surface and rinsing it completely to remove the residual taste and odor.
Mistakes to Avoid When Cleaning Your Retainer
One damaging cleaning practice is exposing the retainer to high heat, such as boiling water or placing it in a dishwasher. Retainers are typically made from thermoplastic materials designed to hold a precise shape. Introducing the appliance to boiling water causes the plastic to warp or melt, destroying the fit necessary to keep the teeth in position and rendering the retainer useless. Always use cool or lukewarm water for all rinsing and soaking steps to preserve the retainer’s structural integrity.
Using common tube toothpaste or other abrasive powders for scrubbing the retainer is a frequent mistake that compromises hygiene. Many toothpastes contain abrasive particles, like silica, intended to scour tooth enamel, which are too harsh for the softer plastic of a retainer. These abrasive materials create microscopic scratches on the surface, which become hiding places for bacteria and fungi to colonize. Instead, use a soft-bristled brush with a non-abrasive cleaner or mild soap.
While standard hand soap or dish soap can remove surface debris, they are not formulated to be disinfectants and will not effectively kill the viruses and bacteria from an illness. Using these soaps for a post-sickness deep clean may leave behind residues or fragrances that can irritate the mouth or cause an unpleasant taste. Additionally, leaving the retainer submerged in any strong chemical solution, such as undiluted vinegar or peroxide, for prolonged periods beyond the recommended time can weaken or discolor the plastic.