Altitude sickness is a common concern for visitors to high-altitude destinations like Colorado. It occurs when the body struggles to adapt to lower oxygen levels at higher elevations. This article provides practical guidance on how to prepare for and manage altitude sickness, ensuring a safer and more enjoyable experience.
Understanding Altitude Sickness
Altitude sickness, or acute mountain sickness (AMS), develops when ascending to higher elevations too quickly. The primary cause is reduced atmospheric pressure and lower oxygen availability at increased altitudes. Even elevations as low as 5,000 to 8,000 feet can trigger symptoms in some individuals.
When the body does not properly acclimatize, it struggles to compensate for decreased oxygen. Symptoms typically manifest within 12 to 24 hours of arrival and can feel similar to a hangover. Common symptoms include headaches, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Insomnia or restless sleep can also occur, and severity varies among individuals.
Preventive Strategies for Colorado Visitors
Proactive steps before and during a trip to Colorado can significantly reduce the risk of altitude sickness. A primary strategy involves gradual ascent, allowing the body to acclimatize slowly. Spending a night or two at a lower elevation, such as Denver (around 5,280 feet), before moving to higher mountain towns can be beneficial.
Maintaining proper hydration is important, as drier air at higher altitudes can lead to quicker dehydration. Drinking at least 2 to 3 liters of water daily, starting a few days before arrival and continuing throughout the stay, is recommended. Eating light, high-carbohydrate meals provides sustained energy, while heavy, fatty foods should be limited.
Upon arrival, avoid alcohol and caffeine, especially during the first 48 hours, as these contribute to dehydration and exacerbate symptoms. Strenuous physical activity should be avoided immediately after ascending to allow the body to rest and adjust. Ensuring adequate sleep supports the body’s adaptation to thinner air.
Managing Mild Altitude Sickness
If mild to moderate altitude sickness symptoms appear, several self-care measures can help. Stop activity and rest at the current altitude. Continuing to drink plenty of water is important to combat dehydration and support the body’s recovery.
Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or paracetamol, can alleviate headaches. If symptoms do not improve or worsen, descending to a lower altitude is the most effective immediate treatment. Even a decrease of a few thousand feet can bring significant relief.
Supplemental oxygen may be available at some lodging facilities or medical clinics in high-altitude areas. While it can help ease symptoms, descent remains the most effective treatment for persistent or worsening mild symptoms. Do not ascend higher until symptoms have completely resolved.
Recognizing and Responding to Severe Altitude Sickness
When symptoms escalate beyond mild discomfort, it is crucial to recognize the warning signs of severe altitude sickness: High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE) and High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE). These conditions are medical emergencies requiring immediate attention. HACE involves fluid accumulation and swelling in the brain, while HAPE is fluid buildup in the lungs.
Symptoms of HACE include a severe headache unresponsive to medication, confusion, loss of coordination (ataxia), altered mental status, and potentially bizarre behavior or loss of consciousness. A simple test involves difficulty walking heel-to-toe in a straight line.
HAPE symptoms often present as a persistent cough, which may produce pink or frothy sputum, along with shortness of breath even at rest, chest tightness, and extreme fatigue. A rapid heart rate and bluish discoloration of the skin, lips, or nails (cyanosis) can indicate HAPE.
If any severe symptoms appear, immediate descent to a lower altitude is essential. Seek urgent medical attention by calling 911 or local emergency services immediately. These severe forms of altitude sickness are life-threatening and progress rapidly.