Removing turf, often called sod cutting, involves separating a layer of grass and its underlying root system from the soil beneath to clear an area for new landscaping or construction. Homeowners undertake this task to prepare a space for a new garden bed, level an area for hardscaping like a patio, or replace old or damaged turf. The process ensures a clean slate, preventing the old grass from competing with new plants or creating an uneven surface for subsequent projects.
Necessary Equipment and Site Preparation
Preparing the site properly ensures project efficiency and safety before cutting begins. Measure and mark the exact boundaries of the removal area using landscape chalk or string to guide the cutting tool. Before disturbing the ground, contact a utility locating service, like 811 in the U.S., to identify and mark any buried lines, such as gas, electric, or water pipes, which pose a safety hazard if struck.
Gathering the right tools makes the job manageable, whether you choose manual or mechanical removal. Basic equipment includes a sharp, flat-edged spade or shovel, a utility knife for precision cuts, a measuring tape, and a wheelbarrow for moving the cut sod sections. For personal protection, wear safety gear such as gloves, eye protection, and sturdy boots. The turf should be slightly moist, but not saturated, as this lubricates the soil and makes the cutting process easier.
Techniques for Removing the Turf
Manual Removal
For smaller areas, manual removal using a shovel or spade provides excellent control and precision. Begin by using the shovel or a sharp edger to cut the perimeter, creating a distinct boundary. Next, slice the turf into manageable strips or squares, typically 12 to 18 inches wide and 3 to 4 feet long, which are easier to lift and transport.
The most effective manual technique involves leveraging the tool to cut the roots horizontally, just beneath the surface. Push the flat-edged shovel blade under the turf, aiming for a consistent depth of 1 to 2 inches to separate the root mass from the subsoil. Once separated, the pieces can be lifted and rolled up like a carpet to minimize breakage. This method is demanding but allows for careful removal, preserving more of the underlying topsoil.
Mechanical Removal
For larger areas, a powered, walk-behind sod cutter is the most efficient choice and can typically be rented from equipment suppliers. This machine uses a vibrating blade to slice the sod layer at a uniform, adjustable depth, usually set between 1.5 and 2.5 inches. After setting the depth, the machine is operated in straight, overlapping passes, similar to mowing a lawn, to ensure the entire area is covered.
Before operating, ensure the area is clear of debris and rocks that could damage the blade. The cutter’s heavy weight and motor drive the blade through the turf, providing a clean, consistent cut, which is beneficial if the sod is intended for reuse. The machine leaves the cut sod in long ribbons that can be rolled up and removed quickly, reducing the physical labor required for large projects.
Managing the Leftover Sod
Once the turf has been cut and lifted, homeowners have several practical options for managing the resulting material. If the sod is healthy and cut cleanly, reuse it for patching bare spots in the existing lawn or creating small berms or raised edges elsewhere. To keep the turf viable for replanting, it must be kept moist, shaded, and relaid within 36 hours of removal.
For sod not suitable for reuse, it can be repurposed through decomposition to enrich soil. A highly effective method is creating a compost sod pile by stacking the pieces grass-side down in an out-of-the-way area. Turning the pieces upside down starves the grass of sunlight, causing the organic material to break down over time and creating a nutrient-rich topsoil amendment. This passive composting process can take a few months to a year.
As an alternative to hauling the material away, especially when converting a lawn to a garden bed, the sod can be “flipped” in place. The cut pieces are simply turned upside down, covering the area being converted, and then covered with a layer of mulch or compost. The inverted grass and roots will decompose slowly, adding organic matter back into the soil and suppressing future grass growth, effectively sheet-mulching the new garden area. If reuse or composting is not feasible, the sod can be disposed of through municipal waste services, though the material’s weight often makes this a logistical challenge requiring specialized haul-away services.