Identifying Plagiocephaly
Parents can observe several visual signs that may indicate plagiocephaly in an infant. The most noticeable sign is a distinct flattening on one side of the back of the baby’s head. This flattening can make the head appear asymmetrical when viewed from above. The ear on the same side may appear to be pushed forward. Additionally, the forehead on that same side might bulge slightly.
Non-Medical Correction Strategies
Several at-home, non-invasive methods, often called repositioning therapy, can help correct plagiocephaly. These strategies aim to reduce pressure on the flattened area of the baby’s skull.
Tummy time is a foundational strategy, involving placing the baby on their stomach for supervised play while awake. This activity strengthens neck and shoulder muscles, which helps improve head control and reduces time spent on the back of the head. Aim for multiple short sessions, gradually increasing duration as the baby tolerates it.
When placing the baby down to sleep, always on their back for safety, gently alternate the direction the baby’s head is facing. This encourages the baby to turn their head towards different sides, preventing sustained pressure on one spot. Varying how the baby is held throughout the day also helps distribute pressure away from the flattened area.
Adjusting the baby’s environment can also encourage head turning. Changing the orientation of the baby in the crib or modifying the setup of play areas can prompt them to look towards toys or light sources from different angles. Limit time in car seats, bouncers, and swings, as these devices can place continuous pressure on the back of the head.
Medical Correction Options
For more pronounced cases of plagiocephaly, or when non-medical methods have not achieved sufficient correction, medical interventions may be considered. These approaches are typically recommended after an assessment by a healthcare professional. They provide targeted support to reshape the infant’s skull.
Helmet therapy, also known as cranial orthosis, involves a custom-fitted helmet designed to gently redirect the growth of the baby’s head. These helmets apply light pressure to the protruding areas of the skull while allowing space for growth in the flattened regions. Treatment typically lasts several weeks to a few months, with optimal effectiveness seen when initiated between 4 and 12 months of age.
Physical therapy can also play a role, particularly if the plagiocephaly is associated with torticollis, a condition involving tightness in the neck muscles. A physical therapist can provide specific stretches and exercises to improve neck mobility and encourage the baby to turn their head equally in both directions. Parents are often taught these exercises to perform with their child at home, supporting continued improvement of neck range of motion.
When to Consult a Specialist
Knowing when to seek professional medical advice for plagiocephaly can help ensure timely and appropriate intervention. If parents have been consistently implementing repositioning strategies for several weeks without noticeable improvement, it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider. Concerns about the degree of flattening or any perceived asymmetry also warrant a professional evaluation.
Parents should also seek medical advice if they observe signs of torticollis, such as a persistent head tilt or limited neck movement in one direction. Any general concerns about the baby’s head shape or overall development should prompt a discussion with a pediatrician. The pediatrician can provide initial guidance or refer to specialists like pediatric craniofacial surgeons, neurosurgeons, or physical therapists.