An overbite occurs when the upper front teeth significantly overlap the lower front teeth. While a slight overlap is normal and necessary for proper function, an excessive overbite is a common dental misalignment, affecting around 70% of individuals. Fortunately, this condition can be effectively corrected through various dental and orthodontic treatments.
What Is an Overbite and Why Correct It?
An overbite is a malocclusion, or “bad bite,” defined by the vertical overlap of the upper teeth over the lower teeth. A normal overbite involves the upper teeth overlapping the lower by about 1-2 millimeters, or 10% to 20% of the lower teeth’s height. When this overlap exceeds 2 to 4 millimeters, or more than 30% of the lower front teeth, it is considered an excessive or deep overbite. This condition differs from an overjet, often mistakenly called “buck teeth,” which describes a horizontal protrusion where upper teeth stick out forward. Overbites can stem from genetic factors influencing jaw shape, or from habits such as thumb-sucking, tongue-thrusting, or teeth grinding.
Correcting an excessive overbite is important due to the various issues it can cause. An improper bite can lead to excessive wear on the lower teeth, as they may repeatedly contact the back of the upper teeth or even the gum tissue. This wear can make teeth more susceptible to cavities and sensitivity. Individuals may also experience jaw pain, headaches, or temporomandibular joint (TMJ) issues from jaw muscle strain.
An overbite can also make chewing difficult. Speech impediments, such as lisping or difficulty pronouncing certain sounds, can arise because misalignment affects tongue position and airflow. Additionally, an overbite can affect facial aesthetics, potentially leading to a recessed chin or lips that do not close comfortably.
Orthodontic Correction Methods
Orthodontic treatments reposition teeth and jaws to achieve a balanced bite. Traditional braces, a common and effective method, consist of brackets attached to teeth, connected by wires that are periodically adjusted. This applies gentle pressure, gradually shifting teeth and the jaw into alignment.
Clear aligners, like Invisalign, offer a less noticeable alternative. These custom-made, transparent trays are worn over teeth and changed regularly to progressively move them. Their removability simplifies oral hygiene and eating.
Other orthodontic appliances are sometimes used, particularly in younger patients whose jaws are still developing. Palate expanders gradually widen the upper jaw. Headgear, an external device, helps regulate jaw growth in severe cases. Orthodontic elastics, or rubber bands, are frequently used with braces or aligners to apply targeted force for tooth and jaw movement.
For severe overbites caused by skeletal imbalance, orthognathic surgery may be recommended. This procedure repositions jaw bones to correct the misalignment. It is typically performed in combination with orthodontic treatment, often using braces before and after surgery to align teeth properly.
The Treatment Process
Overbite correction typically begins with an initial consultation. The orthodontist conducts a thorough examination, including X-rays, photographs, and digital scans, to get a clear view of the patient’s bite. This diagnostic information is used to develop a personalized treatment plan based on the overbite’s severity.
Once the plan is established, the active correction phase begins. If traditional braces are chosen, brackets are bonded and wires placed, with regular adjustment appointments every 4 to 6 weeks. For clear aligners, patients receive a series of custom trays, changing to a new set approximately every two weeks.
Throughout active treatment, consistent adherence to the orthodontist’s instructions, like wearing prescribed elastics or aligners, is important for effective progress. After teeth and jaws reach their corrected positions, the retention phase begins. This final stage involves wearing a removable or fixed retainer to maintain the new alignment and prevent teeth from shifting back.
Important Considerations for Correction
Several factors influence overbite correction. Age plays a significant role, as treatment differs between children and adults. Children and adolescents often see faster results because their developing jawbones are more receptive to movement. Adults can achieve excellent results, though severe skeletal overbites may require orthognathic surgery combined with orthodontics.
Treatment duration varies considerably based on severity and method. Mild to moderate overbites might be corrected within six months to a year, while severe cases can take one to three years. Compliance, such as consistently wearing aligners or elastics, also impacts the timeline.
Cost is another important consideration, varying by treatment type and case complexity. Traditional metal braces and clear aligner systems typically range from $3,000 to $8,000. Orthognathic surgery can be significantly higher, from $20,000 to $40,000, not including associated orthodontic treatment. Many practices offer payment plans.
Selecting a qualified and experienced orthodontist is important for successful correction. An orthodontist specializes in diagnosing, preventing, and treating dental and facial irregularities. Consulting a professional ensures proper diagnosis and a customized treatment plan.