Oxygen therapy provides supplemental breathing gas to individuals who require more oxygen than is available in ambient air. This process relies on a secure connection between the oxygen source and the device delivering the gas to the patient. The two primary components are the nasal cannula, a lightweight tube with two short prongs inserted into the nostrils, and the specialized oxygen tubing, which acts as the gas line leading back to the reservoir. Properly joining these two pieces of equipment ensures the prescribed flow rate is maintained, guaranteeing the effectiveness of the therapy.
Preparing the Supplies for Setup
Before attempting any connection, gather and inspect all necessary materials. You will need the nasal cannula, the oxygen tubing, and access to the oxygen source, typically a concentrator or a compressed gas cylinder with a flow meter. Visually examine both the cannula and the tubing for any signs of damage, such as cracks, pinholes, or blockages in the clear plastic material. Kinks or tears could result in a leak or restrict oxygen flow, requiring replacement of the affected component.
Confirm that the connection ports on both the cannula and the supply tubing are clean and free of debris. These ports are designed to form an airtight seal, and foreign material compromises the connection’s integrity. If using a concentrator, ensure it is plugged in and ready; if using a tank, confirm sufficient pressure is indicated on the gauge. Proper preparation prevents leaks and interruptions once oxygen flow is initiated.
The Physical Connection Process
Joining the two pieces of tubing relies on the universal friction fit design. The nasal cannula tubing and the oxygen supply tubing are designed to be joined either directly or using a small, separate, double-tapered connector. This universal connector often features a ridged, conical shape that allows it to be inserted snugly into the receiving end of the tubing.
To make the connection, align the tapered end of the supply tubing connector with the open port at the end of the cannula. Gently insert the connector, applying steady, firm pressure to seat the pieces together. A slight twisting motion while pushing can help secure the connection and ensure a tighter seal between the flexible plastic components. The goal is to achieve a secure fit that resists a gentle tug without stressing or damaging the plastic tubing.
A loose connection can be identified by a faint hissing sound or a noticeable drop in oxygen pressure when the system is activated. If using a separate connector to link two lengths of tubing, repeat the insertion and twisting action on both sides. Once confirmed secure, the joined pieces of tubing should form a smooth, continuous line for the gas to travel.
Finalizing the Setup and Checking for Flow
With the cannula and supply tubing connected, attach the far end of the long oxygen tubing to the flow meter or the oxygen source device. This connection is typically made to a specialized port, often a “Christmas tree” adapter, which screws or pushes into the flow meter outlet. Once this final connection is secure, slowly turn the flow control knob on the oxygen source to the prescribed setting, measured in liters per minute (LPM).
After setting the flow rate, verify that oxygen is reaching the prongs of the nasal cannula. A reliable way to check for flow is to hold the prongs close to sensitive skin, such as the inner forearm or upper lip, where you should feel a gentle, steady stream of gas. For visual confirmation, briefly submerge the prongs in a small glass of water; continuous small bubbles indicate gas flow. Finally, coil any excess tubing and place it out of the pathway to prevent trip hazards.