Supplemental oxygen therapy delivers a higher concentration of oxygen than ambient air directly to the user. For individuals receiving treatment at home, this is achieved using an oxygen delivery system composed of a nasal cannula and connecting tubing. Understanding the proper assembly of this equipment is important for ensuring the therapy is delivered effectively and safely. This guide provides simple, sequential instructions for connecting the necessary components of a personal oxygen delivery system.
Preparing the Equipment and Supplies
Before assembly, gather and inspect all required components for the oxygen delivery system. The primary component is the oxygen source, typically a stationary or portable oxygen concentrator or a compressed gas tank. A concentrator filters nitrogen from the surrounding air to deliver concentrated oxygen, while a tank holds oxygen under high pressure.
The flow meter or regulator controls the rate at which oxygen is released from the source, measured in liters per minute (LPM). You will also need the nasal cannula, which features two small prongs that rest inside the nostrils, and the connecting oxygen tubing. This tubing is often clear or green, designed to be kink-resistant, and comes in various lengths.
If the prescribed flow rate is above four liters per minute, a humidifier bottle may be included in the setup to prevent dryness in the nasal passages. If a humidifier is used, ensure you have sterile or distilled water available to fill the bottle to the designated mark, as tap water can introduce mineral deposits. Inspect all plastic components, especially the tubing, for any damage or blockages before starting the connection process.
Step-by-Step Guide to Assembling the Oxygen Delivery System
The first step involves securely attaching the flow meter or regulator to the oxygen source. For a compressed gas tank, the regulator screws directly onto the tank’s valve outlet, requiring hand-tightening to establish a proper seal. With an oxygen concentrator, the flow meter is typically integrated or connects to a designated port on the machine’s front panel.
Once the flow meter is secured, connect the oxygen tubing or the humidifier bottle to the flow meter’s outlet port. This outlet is a small, tapered connector known as a nipple adapter, designed to accept the conical end of the tubing. If a humidifier is used, the bottle screws onto the flow meter outlet, and the tubing connects to the humidifier bottle’s own outlet port.
The connection points should be hand-tightened only, applying just enough force to create a snug, airtight seal. Over-tightening can damage the plastic connectors, leading to minor leaks that compromise the oxygen delivery rate. Always ensure the connection is straight, avoiding cross-threading, which also causes gas to escape.
The main oxygen supply tubing runs from the flow meter or humidifier bottle toward the user. If the distance is too great, extension tubing may be required, connecting to the main supply line using a specialized coupler. This coupler joins the two lengths of tubing end-to-end, maintaining a continuous, sealed pathway.
The final assembly step involves connecting the distal end of the oxygen tubing to the nasal cannula. The tubing ends are designed to fit snugly over the connector piece found at the base of the cannula’s headpiece. This connection is typically a simple push-fit, relying on friction and the tapered shape to maintain the seal. Lay the tubing out carefully to prevent any twists or sharp bends, known as kinks, which restrict or completely stop the flow of oxygen.
Verifying the Flow and Essential Safety Measures
After all components are physically connected, the system’s function must be verified before the cannula is placed on the user. Begin by turning on the oxygen source and setting the prescribed flow rate in liters per minute (LPM) using the adjustment knob on the flow meter. This setting determines the precise volume of oxygen delivered and should never be changed without direction from a healthcare provider.
The next step is to perform a leak check across all connection points. A common sign of a leak is a distinct hissing sound emanating from a loose connection, indicating gas is escaping the sealed pathway. If a leak is suspected, gently tighten the connection point until the sound stops, but avoid excessive force that could damage the components.
To confirm that oxygen is successfully reaching the patient interface, check the flow at the nasal cannula prongs. This can be done by gently placing the prongs against the back of the hand to feel the subtle stream of gas. Alternatively, briefly submerging the prongs in a glass of water; if bubbles appear, the oxygen is flowing correctly at the set rate.
Essential Safety Measures
Adherence to safety protocols is important when using supplemental oxygen at home. Oxygen is not flammable itself, but it significantly supports and accelerates combustion, meaning fires start more easily and burn hotter and faster. All oxygen equipment and tubing must be kept at least five to six feet away from open flames, heating elements, and sources of sparks.
Smoking is strictly prohibited where oxygen is being used or stored, and “Oxygen in Use” signs should be posted prominently. The long oxygen tubing presents a trip and fall hazard. Secure the tubing along walls and doorways with specialized clips, ensuring it is not left loosely draped across walkways or under rugs.