A urine culture is a laboratory test designed to identify microorganisms, such as bacteria or yeast, present in a urine sample. This diagnostic tool helps healthcare providers determine if an infection, particularly a urinary tract infection (UTI), is present. By cultivating any microbes found in the urine, the test can pinpoint the specific type of organism causing an infection. Understanding the type of bacteria or yeast helps guide the selection of the most effective treatment.
Performing the Clean-Catch Method
Collecting a urine sample using the clean-catch method prevents contamination from external bacteria. Begin by washing your hands thoroughly with soap and water before handling any collection materials. This minimizes the introduction of skin bacteria to the sterile collection cup.
Next, cleanse the genital area using the provided antiseptic wipes. For females, separate the labia and wipe from front to back, using a fresh wipe for each stroke. Males should retract the foreskin if uncircumcised and clean the head of the penis with a wipe. This cleaning removes surface bacteria that could otherwise contaminate the urine sample.
Once prepared, begin urinating a small amount into the toilet. This initial stream helps flush out any remaining bacteria from the urethra. Without stopping the flow, position the sterile collection cup to catch the middle portion of the urine stream.
Fill the cup approximately halfway, ensuring it does not touch your skin. After collecting the required amount, remove the cup and finish urinating into the toilet. Immediately secure the lid tightly onto the collection cup, taking care not to touch the inside of the lid or the cup’s rim.
After collection, label the container clearly with your full name, date of birth, and the date and time of collection. Promptly transport the sample to the laboratory. If immediate transport is not possible, refrigerate the sample, as it remains stable for only one to two hours at room temperature, but can be kept refrigerated for up to 24 hours.
Ensuring Sample Integrity
Following the clean-catch method prevents external bacteria, commonly found on the skin and genital area, from entering the urine sample. The human body naturally harbors various microorganisms, and without proper cleaning and midstream collection, these normal flora can contaminate the specimen.
A contaminated sample can lead to inaccurate test results, often showing a false positive for an infection or indicating the presence of multiple types of bacteria. Such erroneous results may necessitate a repeat collection, delaying an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. A contaminated sample might also lead to unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions, which contributes to antibiotic resistance.
Touching the inside of the collection cup, insufficient cleaning of the genital area, or delays in transporting the sample to the lab can compromise its integrity.