Hearing aids operate in the challenging environment of the ear canal, where the primary threat to their function is earwax, or cerumen. This substance can easily clog the small microphone ports and sound outlets, leading to muffled sound, reduced volume, or even complete device failure. Establishing a consistent cleaning routine is essential for maintaining sound quality, preserving delicate components, and extending the overall lifespan of the hearing aid.
Essential Cleaning Tools
Specialized tools are necessary for safely removing earwax without damaging sensitive parts. The primary tool is a soft-bristled brush, often supplied by the manufacturer, used to gently sweep debris from the shell and microphone openings. For impacted wax, a wax loop or wire pick allows for the careful extraction of material lodged in the sound bore or vent openings. Many modern devices utilize wax guards or filters, which act as a barrier to the sound receiver and require specific replacement tools. Use only manufacturer-approved tools and cleaning products, avoiding common household items like pins or toothpicks, which can push wax deeper or scratch the casing.
Step-by-Step Wax Removal
Effective wax removal focuses on the critical sound pathway. Begin by holding the hearing aid over a soft surface, like a towel, and use the soft-bristled brush to clear any loose wax from the shell, microphone inlets, and battery contacts. Always brush the debris away from the openings to prevent it from being pushed into the internal components. For devices with a sound bore or vent, such as In-The-Ear (ITE) models, the wax loop or pick can be carefully inserted to scoop out any stubborn, hardened wax. This action must be performed gently to avoid puncturing the sound receiver or damaging the venting system.
If the hearing aid is a Receiver-In-Canal (RIC) or some ITE model, it likely has a wax guard covering the receiver’s sound outlet. Replacing the wax guard is necessary, as a clogged guard is a common cause of reduced sound. The replacement tool typically has two ends: one for removing the used guard and one holding the new guard. Insert the removal end into the old guard, pull it straight out, and then push the new filter into the receiver until it sits flush with the casing. This replacement restores the sound path, eliminating the need for deeper cleaning.
Daily Maintenance and Moisture Control
Beyond the removal of impacted wax, a daily routine of general care reduces long-term damage. Every evening, before storing the devices, wipe down the entire hearing aid shell, dome, or earmold with a clean, soft, dry cloth to remove surface debris and skin oils. This routine prevents the accumulation of cerumen and perspiration that occurs during daily wear.
Moisture poses a significant threat to the internal electronics. Always remove the hearing aids before showering, swimming, or using hairsprays and similar products. Utilizing a hearing aid drying kit or an electronic dehumidifier overnight is recommended, especially in humid climates, as these devices actively draw out moisture trapped inside the casing.
Signs You Need Professional Help
Despite consistent home care, some issues require professional intervention. If you have followed all cleaning steps, including replacing the wax guard, but the sound remains muffled, distorted, or weak, the blockage may be too deep for at-home tools. Persistent whistling or feedback noise after a thorough cleaning can indicate a damaged component or a change in the fit that needs adjustment. Visible damage, such as a cracked casing, a broken battery door, or a split tube on a Behind-The-Ear (BTE) model, also necessitates a professional repair. Scheduling a check-up with an audiologist for a deep cleaning every few months ensures unremovable blockages are cleared and internal components are checked for damage.