A wisdom tooth is the last set of adult teeth to emerge, typically appearing in the late teens or early twenties. These teeth are located at the very back of the mouth, often without sufficient space to fully erupt. When a wisdom tooth only partially breaks through the gum line, it can create a small flap of gum tissue. This vulnerable area can easily trap food particles and bacteria, leading to inflammation and infection, a condition commonly known as pericoronitis. Addressing such an infection promptly is important to alleviate discomfort and prevent further complications.
Recognizing an Infected Wisdom Tooth
An infected wisdom tooth manifests through several noticeable symptoms. Individuals often experience pain, which can range from a dull ache to a sharp throbbing sensation around the affected tooth. This discomfort may extend to the jaw and even the face, sometimes making it difficult to open the mouth fully. Swelling of the gums around the tooth is common, accompanied by redness and tenderness to the touch.
A bad taste in the mouth or unpleasant breath can also signal an infection. This occurs because food debris and bacteria become trapped under a gum flap, which partially covers the erupting tooth. This trapped material creates an environment where bacteria can multiply, leading to inflammation and the potential for pus discharge.
Home Care for Temporary Relief
While home care cannot cure an infected wisdom tooth, it can provide temporary relief from symptoms while awaiting professional dental treatment. Warm salt water rinses are a recommended first step due to salt’s natural disinfectant properties. To prepare, mix about half to one teaspoon of salt into eight ounces of warm water, then swish the solution around the affected area for 30 seconds before spitting it out. Repeating this process three to four times daily, especially after meals, helps to keep the area clean and reduce inflammation.
Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can also help manage pain and reduce inflammation. Additionally, applying a cold compress to the outside of the cheek near the swollen area can help alleviate swelling and numb the pain.
These home remedies offer symptomatic relief but are not a substitute for professional dental care. Prompt dental consultation is necessary, as delaying care can allow the infection to worsen or spread.
Professional Dental Treatment
A thorough examination will be conducted, often including X-rays to assess the tooth’s position and the extent of any infection. The initial treatment typically involves a professional cleaning of the affected area. This cleaning irrigates the space around the tooth to flush out trapped food particles, debris, and bacteria that contribute to the infection.
If the infection is widespread or severe, the dentist may prescribe antibiotics to help eliminate the bacteria before further treatment. Common antibiotics include amoxicillin or metronidazole. Once the acute infection is under control, the dentist will discuss long-term solutions to prevent recurrence.
The most common long-term solution for recurrent wisdom tooth infections is extraction of the tooth. This is often recommended when the tooth is impacted, meaning it doesn’t have enough space to erupt properly, or when the infection is chronic. In some instances, a minor surgical procedure called an operculectomy, which involves removing the gum flap covering the tooth, may be considered to reduce the area where food and bacteria can accumulate.
Preventing Future Infections
Preventing future wisdom tooth infections depends on diligent oral hygiene, particularly around partially erupted teeth. Using a narrow-headed toothbrush can help reach the difficult areas at the back of the mouth, ensuring thorough cleaning along the gum lines. Regular flossing is also important to remove food particles and plaque that can accumulate between teeth and under gum flaps.
Incorporating an antimicrobial mouthwash into your daily routine can further reduce bacteria in hard-to-reach areas. Consistent dental check-ups and professional cleanings allow dentists to monitor the growth and position of wisdom teeth, identifying potential issues before they escalate into infections.