A Hawley retainer is a common removable orthodontic appliance, characterized by its custom-fitted acrylic base and a visible metal wire component, often made from stainless steel. Designed to maintain tooth alignment after active treatment, the appliance rests against the teeth and palate. Consistent cleaning is necessary because it collects bacteria, food debris, and saliva, leading to odor, discoloration, and increased risk of oral health issues. Neglecting cleaning allows plaque to thrive, compromising both the appliance’s integrity and oral hygiene.
The Daily Cleaning Routine
Brushing with a gentle cleanser immediately after removal is the most effective way to prevent plaque from hardening. Plaque is soft and easily displaced initially, but it quickly calcifies into tartar if not removed promptly. This routine should occur every time the retainer is taken out of the mouth, especially after meals.
Use a soft-bristled toothbrush dedicated solely to cleaning the retainer, separate from your regular toothbrush. Apply a small amount of mild, non-abrasive liquid soap, such as unscented dish soap or castile soap, to the brush. Gently scrub all surfaces, paying particular attention to the intricate areas around the metal wire components and where the acrylic meets the teeth.
The entire acrylic plate and all metal components must be thoroughly cleaned, as bacteria accumulate on both surfaces. After brushing, rinse the retainer completely under lukewarm water to remove all soap residue and loosened debris. Use lukewarm water because excessive heat can cause the acrylic base to warp, permanently altering its fit.
Addressing Plaque and Tartar Buildup
Even with rigorous daily brushing, mineral deposits from saliva and persistent bacterial films can accumulate, requiring periodic deep cleaning. This weekly deep cleaning involves soaking the appliance in a solution specifically formulated to break down these deposits. The goal is to remove hardened calcium deposits, or tartar, that brushing cannot easily dislodge.
One effective method uses a dedicated retainer cleaning tablet, which often contains ingredients like persulfates to sanitize and remove stains. Dissolve the tablet in lukewarm water and submerge the retainer for the time specified by the manufacturer, typically 10 to 20 minutes. An alternative soaking solution can be prepared using common household items.
A mixture of one part white vinegar to one part lukewarm water is effective for dissolving calcium deposits and sanitizing the appliance. Soak the retainer for about 15 to 30 minutes, followed by a gentle brush with a soft toothbrush to remove any loosened buildup. After any deep cleaning soak, thoroughly rinse the retainer with plain water to eliminate any chemical taste or residue before re-inserting it.
Cleaning Products to Avoid
Certain common cleaning and dental products must be avoided because they can chemically or physically damage the retainer’s acrylic and stainless steel components. Abrasive products, most notably standard toothpaste, should never be used. The fine particles in toothpaste scratch the acrylic base, creating rough surfaces where bacteria can easily hide and multiply, making the retainer harder to keep clean.
Harsh chemicals can also degrade the materials used in the retainer. Bleach, alcohol-based mouthwashes, and strong household cleaners can corrode the metal wires and weaken the acrylic, potentially causing it to become brittle or discolored. Alcohol in mouthwash, for example, can dry out the acrylic, leading to cracking or warping.
The use of high heat is the most damaging physical error to avoid. Never use boiling water, hot tap water, or a dishwasher, nor should the retainer be left in a hot car or near a heat source. The polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) acrylic base is thermoplastic and will permanently warp and deform when exposed to elevated temperatures, rendering the appliance unusable.
Handling and Storage Best Practices
When the wire retainer is not being worn, proper handling and storage are necessary to maintain its shape, cleanliness, and safety. If the retainer is not in the mouth, it must be stored in its protective case. The case should be sturdy and ideally possess small ventilation holes to allow for air circulation, which prevents the growth of bacteria and fungi.
Storing the retainer in a dedicated case prevents it from being accidentally damaged, lost, or exposed to contaminants. Wrapping the retainer in a napkin while eating is a common mistake that frequently results in the appliance being mistakenly thrown away. The case also protects the retainer from household pets, particularly dogs, who are often attracted to the scent and can easily chew and destroy it.
The case should be kept in a safe location away from sources of heat and direct sunlight to prevent the acrylic from warping. A bedroom nightstand or a designated spot on a counter are better choices than a humid bathroom, where moisture levels are often high. The retainer should be dry or slightly damp before being placed in the case for short-term storage.