A Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) machine helps people with sleep apnea breathe consistently by delivering pressurized air through a mask. Regular cleaning of the CPAP system is mandatory because the humid, enclosed environment of the mask, tubing, and water chamber is a breeding ground for microbes. Allowing bacteria, mold, and dust to accumulate can lead to respiratory infections, sinus issues, and skin irritation. Cleaning protects your health and ensures the equipment works efficiently, preventing premature degradation caused by facial oils and debris.
Necessary Supplies and Disassembly
Before cleaning, power down and unplug the machine from the wall outlet. Fully disassemble the unit, separating the mask into its cushion, frame, and headgear components. Disconnect the humidifier water chamber and the air tubing from the main device.
The materials needed are simple: warm water and a mild, unscented soap, such as baby shampoo or a gentle dish soap. Avoid antibacterial, moisturizing, or heavily scented soaps, as these can leave residues that may irritate the airways or damage the plastic. A clean, non-abrasive towel and dedicated cleaning brushes for the hose are also helpful. Distilled white vinegar diluted with water can serve as an optional, periodic disinfectant for the water chamber and tubing.
The Daily Cleaning Routine
The daily cleaning routine focuses on components that have direct contact with your breath and skin. Every morning, clean the mask cushion or nasal pillows to remove facial oils, sweat, and dead skin cells. This buildup can degrade the silicone material, compromising the seal and reducing therapy effectiveness.
Gently wash the mask cushion with mild, unscented soap and warm water, rubbing the surface with your fingers. Rinse the cushion thoroughly and allow it to air-dry completely before the next use. The humidifier water chamber also requires daily attention. Empty the remaining water from the previous night, discard it, and rinse the chamber with soap and warm water.
Weekly Deep Cleaning of Components
A more intensive deep cleaning is required weekly for all other components. The air tubing or hose should be washed thoroughly both inside and out. Submerge the tubing in warm, soapy water, ensuring the water fills the entire length of the hose. A long, narrow brush can be used to scrub the inside walls to remove residue or moisture.
The fabric headgear and straps should be hand-washed weekly in warm, soapy water to remove accumulated body oils and dust. The air filter, which protects the machine’s motor, needs attention depending on its type. Reusable foam filters are washed, rinsed, and allowed to air-dry completely. Disposable paper filters must never be washed; check them weekly and replace them when they appear dirty or discolored.
Proper Rinsing and Drying Techniques
The final steps in the cleaning process are the rinsing and drying of all components. After washing, every piece—including the mask, hose, and water chamber—must be rinsed under fresh, running water until all soap residue is gone. Any soap film left behind can be irritating to the lungs and nasal passages when the machine is next used.
All washed components must air-dry completely before the system is reassembled to prevent the growth of mold and mildew. Hang the tubing vertically so remaining water can drain fully, and lay other components on a clean towel away from direct sunlight, which can degrade the materials. Avoid strong chemicals like bleach, alcohol, ammonia, or heavily scented soaps, as these can damage the plastics and silicone.