An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a portable medical device designed to deliver an electric shock to a person experiencing sudden cardiac arrest. These devices are strategically placed in public and private locations because the chance of survival decreases significantly for every minute defibrillation is delayed. Routine readiness checks are mandatory to ensure the device is immediately available and fully functional during a time-sensitive emergency. Regular inspection confirms the AED is prepared to perform its life-saving function. Understanding how to perform a quick check is an important act of preparedness.
The Primary Status Indicator Check
The quickest and most frequent check involves a glance at the device’s visual status indicator. Most modern AEDs perform automatic self-tests on a regular schedule, often daily or weekly, checking internal circuitry, battery life, and pad connectivity. The indicator light or symbol on the device reflects the outcome of this self-test.
The indicator is typically a green light, a checkmark, or the word “OK,” signaling that the AED is fully operational and ready for rescue. If the indicator shows a red light, a flashing red light, a red “X,” or a warning symbol, it means the device has failed its self-test and requires immediate attention. Some devices will also emit an unusual chirping or beeping sound when an issue is detected, prompting investigation. This indicator provides a quick snapshot of the device’s readiness without needing to open the case or perform a manual test.
Detailed Inspection of Critical Components
Relying solely on the status light is not sufficient for long-term readiness, as the device’s self-test does not always account for the physical condition or expiration of certain consumables. A more detailed, manual inspection of the physical components is necessary, typically performed monthly. This inspection verifies that all accessories are present and in good condition. The primary consumables requiring manual verification are the electrode pads and the battery.
Electrode Pads
AED electrode pads have a limited shelf life due to the water-based electrolyte gel. This conductive gel dries out over time, which can compromise the pad’s ability to stick properly and deliver an effective shock. This compromise could potentially cause burns on the patient’s skin.
Most pads have an expiration date printed clearly on the sealed foil packaging, typically ranging from two to five years, and they must be replaced even if they have not been used. Checking this date ensures the pads are functional and ready for application. It is also important to confirm that the package is sealed and undamaged, and that both adult and, if applicable, pediatric pads are present and unexpired.
Battery Power
The battery check is a separate verification step, as the device is useless without a sufficient charge. AED batteries have a standby life, often lasting between two and five years depending on the model, even if the device is never used.
The device’s primary status light may indicate a low battery, but a physical inspection should confirm the battery’s expiration or “install by” date printed on the casing. It is also beneficial to check any separate battery gauge or indicator, as batteries may drain faster due to frequent self-tests or environmental conditions. Having a spare, unexpired battery readily accessible can prevent a lapse in readiness should the installed battery fail.
Addressing Malfunctions and Reporting Issues
When an AED fails a readiness check, immediate action is required to restore its operational status. If the status indicator shows a fault, the first step is simple troubleshooting, such as checking that the electrode pads are securely connected or ensuring the battery is properly seated. If a component like the pads or battery is expired or visibly damaged, it must be replaced immediately.
If the issue persists after simple troubleshooting, or if the device displays an error message, the AED must be immediately taken out of service. The malfunction should be documented, noting the device’s serial number, model, and the specific problem or error messages displayed. This information should then be promptly reported to the designated AED program coordinator, facility manager, or the device vendor/manufacturer.
The device should remain unavailable for use until it has been serviced or repaired by qualified personnel. During this time, an organization should attempt to replace the faulty unit with a working backup AED to maintain coverage. Maintaining a log of all inspections, failures, and maintenance actions is essential for tracking the device’s history.