Genu valgum, commonly known as knock knees, describes a condition where the knees angle inward, causing them to touch or nearly touch when the legs are straightened. This alignment results in a noticeable gap between the ankles while the knees are together. Individuals might be interested in checking for knock knees due to concerns about a child’s development, personal discomfort, or changes in their gait. The information provided here offers guidance for observation at home, but it is important to remember that this is for informational purposes and not a substitute for professional medical diagnosis.
Identifying Knock Knees Visually
To visually check for knock knees, have the individual stand upright on a flat surface with their feet together and in a relaxed, natural stance. The heels should be aligned, or brought as close together as naturally possible. Observe the alignment of their knees; in cases of knock knees, the knees will touch or come very close to each other, while a space remains between the inner ankles. View the legs from both the front and back to assess the overall alignment. Sometimes, the appearance of knees touching can be influenced by soft tissue, like muscle or fat, rather than a bony misalignment, so careful observation is beneficial.
Measuring Knock Knee Severity
A more objective way to assess knock knees involves measuring the intermalleolar distance, which is the space between the inner ankles when the knees are touching. For this measurement, the individual should stand with their knees approximated as closely as possible, ideally touching. Using a standard measuring tape or ruler, carefully measure the distance between the prominent bony bumps on the inside of each ankle, known as the medial malleoli. A greater distance between the ankles when the knees are touching indicates a more pronounced degree of genu valgum. While a measurement of 2 to 5 centimeters can be considered within a typical developmental range for children around age three, an intermalleolar distance exceeding 8 centimeters is considered outside the normal range for any age group and requires evaluation.
When Professional Evaluation is Needed
Several signs and circumstances suggest that a professional medical evaluation for knock knees is appropriate. If you observe any of the following, a medical consultation is recommended:
Knock knees persist or worsen beyond the typical age of natural correction, which is around 7 or 8 years old.
Pain is present in the knees, hips, or ankles, especially during physical activity or prolonged standing.
Other concerning symptoms include limping, an unusual walking pattern, or any difficulty with mobility and daily activities.
Only one leg is affected, or there is a noticeable difference in leg length, as this asymmetry can signal an underlying issue.
The condition rapidly worsens or is accompanied by abnormally short stature.
A healthcare professional can accurately diagnose the cause and determine the most appropriate course of action.