Groundhogs (woodchucks) are common garden nuisances that cause significant damage to landscapes and structures. These large rodents construct extensive burrow systems, sometimes extending 15 to 25 feet underground, which can undermine foundations, sidewalks, and porches. This activity creates hazardous sinkholes and compromises property integrity. A modified gallon milk jug can serve as a rudimentary, temporary live-capture device for managing these animals before professional intervention.
Building and Baiting the Homemade Trap
To create a basic, one-way live trap, modify a clean, one-gallon plastic milk jug. Cut an entrance hole on one side approximately 4 to 5 inches in diameter, large enough for a groundhog to pass through. Reinforce the edges of the cut opening with duct tape to prevent sharp edges and maintain the structural shape, as the thin plastic is easily torn. The jug’s cap must be tightly sealed to maintain structural integrity during the capture attempt. Groundhogs are herbivores attracted to sweet vegetation, so place bait strategically inside. Effective baits include cantaloupe chunks, fresh corn on the cob, or clover.
Strategic Placement and Deployment
Successful trapping requires placing the modified jug near the groundhog’s burrow entrance, where the animal frequently travels. Groundhogs rarely stray far from their homes, making the area within five to ten feet of an active burrow the most promising site. Locate the main entrance, often marked by a large pile of excavated dirt, and position the jug so the entrance hole faces the burrow.
Create a funneling effect to direct the groundhog toward the opening. Use small logs, rocks, or soil to camouflage the jug and guide the animal’s path into the entrance. Secure the trap by partially burying the jug or anchoring it with a heavy object, such as a brick, to prevent dislodging. Check the trap at least every few hours during daylight to minimize stress and prevent injury to the captured animal.
Post-Capture Considerations and Humane Release
Once a groundhog is captured, safety precautions are necessary for both the handler and the animal. Always wear thick work gloves when handling the jug, and avoid direct contact, as stressed groundhogs may bite or scratch. Covering the jug with a dark towel or cloth helps calm the animal by reducing light and visual stimuli during transport.
Before taking action, check local and state wildlife codes, as regulations regarding trapping and relocation vary significantly. In many jurisdictions, relocating a trapped animal to a new site is illegal without a special permit. Relocation can spread disease and often results in the animal’s death due to stress or lack of familiar shelter. If relocation is prohibited, contact a licensed nuisance wildlife control operator for guidance on legal alternatives, such as on-site release or humane euthanasia.