The Leatherleaf Viburnum (Viburnum rhytidophyllum) is an evergreen shrub prized for its robust foliage and year-round interest. Native to China, it maintains its leafy presence throughout colder months, making it a valued addition to many landscapes.
Winter Appearance
During winter, Leatherleaf Viburnum distinguishes itself with striking evergreen foliage. Its leaves are dark, lustrous green on the upper surface, with a textured, wrinkled appearance that gives the plant its common name. The undersides often display a pale, fuzzy gray or brownish hue. In colder temperatures, foliage can take on subtle color changes, sometimes developing a crimson or deep burgundy-purple tinge, adding to its winter charm.
Beyond its leaves, the shrub also features elements that enhance its winter appeal. Bright red berries, developing from late spring flowers, often remain on the plant into winter, eventually maturing to glossy black. These berries provide a food source for birds and offer a vibrant splash of color against the dark green leaves. Flower buds for the following spring form in late summer to early fall, appearing as woolly, buff-rust colored clusters at branch tips, adding textural interest to the dormant landscape.
Winter Hardiness and Survival
Leatherleaf Viburnum exhibits resilience, making it a reliable choice for winter interest. It is hardy in USDA plant hardiness zones 5 through 8, though its evergreen nature varies within this range. In warmer parts of its range, it remains fully evergreen. In cooler zones, particularly 5 and 6, it may be semi-evergreen, retaining most leaves or shedding them in late winter.
The plant’s adaptations contribute to its cold tolerance. Its thick, leathery leaves are less prone to water loss than thinner foliage, a common challenge for evergreens in freezing conditions. Stem dieback can occur if temperatures drop below -10 degrees Fahrenheit, especially at the colder limits of its hardiness. However, the plant often regrows from the base in spring. Protecting the plant from harsh winter winds, particularly in colder zones, enhances its survival and appearance.
Winter Care
Providing appropriate winter care helps ensure Leatherleaf Viburnum’s health through colder months. Before freezing temperatures, ensure the plant is well-hydrated, especially after a dry autumn. Deep watering before a hard freeze allows roots to absorb moisture, preventing desiccation. During prolonged dry spells in winter, particularly when the ground is not frozen, supplemental watering can be beneficial, ensuring the soil remains moist but not waterlogged.
Apply a layer of organic mulch, such as wood chips or shredded bark, around the base of the shrub. Mulch insulates the soil, regulating temperature and protecting roots from extreme cold. It also aids in retaining soil moisture, reducing the need for frequent winter watering. Extensive pruning is best performed after the plant flowers in late spring or early summer. However, dead or damaged branches can be removed anytime, even in winter, using sharp, clean tools.
Common Winter Issues
Leatherleaf Viburnum, despite its hardiness, can face challenges during winter. One common issue is winter burn, manifesting as browning or scorching of leaves, particularly on foliage exposed to strong winds and direct winter sun. This occurs when frozen ground prevents roots from absorbing water, while leaves transpire in sun and wind, leading to desiccation. Leaf edges often brown first, followed by the entire leaf. Plants located on south, southwest, or west-facing aspects are most susceptible.
To mitigate winter burn, plant the shrub in a sheltered location, away from winter winds and intense afternoon sun. For plants in exposed sites, a temporary burlap windbreak offers protection. Heavy snow or ice accumulation can also damage branches, causing breakage. Though leaves are somewhat resistant, severe loads may require gently brushing off snow to prevent damage. If branches are damaged by freezing, they may appear dead, but checking for green tissue under the bark in spring can confirm viability, as the plant often recovers.