The Salix matsudana, commonly known as Corkscrew Willow or Dragon’s Claw Willow, is a distinctive deciduous tree celebrated for its uniquely twisted branches and curly foliage. This tree offers a captivating aesthetic, particularly in winter when its contorted form is most visible, providing significant visual interest to any landscape. Understanding the care requirements for this species ensures its healthy growth and longevity in your garden.
Essential Growing Conditions
Light Requirements
The Corkscrew Willow thrives in full sun, requiring at least six hours of direct sunlight daily for optimal growth and pronounced contorted branches. While it tolerates partial shade (four to six hours of direct sunlight), growth may be less vigorous and twisting less defined. Ample sunlight maintains the tree’s health and appearance.
Soil Preferences
This willow species adapts to various soil types, including clay, loam, and sandy soils, preferring moist, well-drained conditions. It tolerates periodically wet soils, making it suitable for rain gardens. Consistent soil moisture is crucial, as the tree struggles in extremely dry conditions or prolonged waterlogging.
Watering Needs
Consistent watering is crucial for the Corkscrew Willow, especially during establishment and dry periods. Young trees benefit from regular, deep watering to encourage a strong root system. Mature trees require moderate to high water levels, preferring consistently moist soil, and may need more frequent watering during hot weather to prevent drying out. Proper drainage is essential to avoid root rot.
Fertilization
The Corkscrew Willow does not require heavy fertilization if planted in rich, fertile soil. If weak growth or pale foliage appears, apply a balanced slow-release fertilizer in early spring. Follow product instructions, as over-fertilizing can lead to excessive leaf growth at the expense of structural strength. Trees near fertilized lawns may receive adequate nutrients.
Pruning and Shaping
Why Prune
Pruning the Corkscrew Willow maintains its shape and manages rapid growth. Removing dead, damaged, or diseased branches improves health and appearance. Pruning also encourages better air circulation and light penetration within the canopy, reducing the risk of pests and diseases.
When to Prune
The best time to prune Salix matsudana is in late winter or early spring, just before new growth emerges. Pruning during dormancy minimizes stress and allows a clear view of branch structure. While major shaping is done in late winter, minor maintenance pruning of small dead or broken twigs can be performed throughout the growing season.
How to Prune
When pruning, use sharp, clean tools to make precise cuts just outside the branch collar. Remove any dead, diseased, or crossing branches, as these can rub and create wounds. Thinning overly dense areas improves light penetration and air circulation, contributing to a healthier tree. The goal is to enhance the tree’s natural contorted form while promoting vigorous new growth.
Pest and Disease Management
Common Pests
The Corkscrew Willow is susceptible to several common pests. Aphids, small, sap-sucking insects, often found on new growth, can distort or yellow leaves. Willow leaf beetles and their larvae chew holes in leaves, sometimes skeletonizing them. Borers are problematic, as their larvae tunnel into stems and trunks, causing wilting and dieback. Scale insects appear as small bumps on stems, feeding on the tree’s sap.
Common Diseases
Several diseases affect Salix matsudana. Willow blight, a combination of fungal diseases like black canker and willow scab, causes black lesions on leaves and twigs, leading to defoliation and cankers on branches. Other cankers, caused by various fungi, manifest as sunken, discolored areas on stems, leading to branch dieback. Powdery mildew, a white, powdery growth on leaves, is not serious but affects appearance. Rust also occurs, presenting as orange or brown pustules on leaves.
Prevention and Treatment
Maintaining a healthy, vigorous tree is the primary defense against pests and diseases. Good air circulation through proper pruning reduces fungal infection risk. For aphids, a strong water spray dislodges them, or insecticidal soap is used for heavier infestations. Promptly prune and remove infected branches to prevent disease spread, especially for cankers and blights. For severe fungal issues, fungicides are considered, but cultural practices are sufficient for most common diseases.
Winter Care
Preparing for Cold
As winter approaches, ensure the Corkscrew Willow has adequate moisture before the ground freezes. Deep watering in late autumn hydrates roots, reducing winter desiccation. Applying a two to three-inch layer of organic mulch around the tree’s base insulates the soil and roots, moderating temperature fluctuations and retaining moisture.
Winter Protection
While mature Corkscrew Willows are cold-hardy, young trees or those in exposed, windy locations benefit from winter protection. Wrapping young tree trunks with burlap prevents sunscald and frost cracks. During heavy snow or ice, gently brush off excess weight from branches to prevent breakage, especially given their contorted nature.
Post-Winter Assessment
Once winter passes and early spring arrives, inspect the tree for signs of winter damage. Look for broken branches, frostbite, or bark splitting. Pruning out damaged sections at this time encourages the tree to direct energy into healthy new growth for the upcoming season.