Caladiums, often known as Angel Wings or Heart of Jesus, are prized for their vibrant, paper-thin foliage that displays striking patterns of red, pink, white, and green. Native to the tropical rainforests of Central and South America, these plants are cultivated for their flamboyant leaves rather than their inconspicuous flowers. Successfully growing this tuberous plant requires specific, attentive care, involving careful management of atmospheric conditions and seasonal cycles.
Establishing the Right Environment
Caladiums flourish in conditions that mimic their warm, humid jungle home, making placement and atmospheric control important. They require bright, indirect light to maintain the saturation and vibrancy of their colorful leaves. Direct exposure to the midday sun must be avoided, as the delicate foliage is susceptible to scorching, which manifests as brown, crispy spots on the leaf surface.
The ideal temperature range for active growth is between 65°F and 85°F (18°C to 29°C). Temperatures consistently below 60°F can signal the plant to enter an early dormancy, and exposure to cold drafts can quickly damage the foliage. Maintaining high humidity is also a requirement, with levels between 60% and 75% being optimal for leaf health.
To achieve the necessary humidity, especially indoors, placing the pot on a pebble tray filled with water is an effective method. Grouping the caladium with other moisture-loving plants can create a localized humid microclimate. Consistent humidity management through a small humidifier or a pebble tray is generally more beneficial than misting for long-term health.
Watering, Soil, and Nutrition
During the active growing season (spring through fall), the caladium requires consistent moisture management without becoming waterlogged. The soil should be kept evenly moist, but not soggy, to prevent the tuber from rotting. Water thoroughly when the top 25% of the soil feels dry to the touch, ensuring proper drainage so excess water never sits in the saucer.
The tuberous structure prefers a rich, well-draining soil mix that retains some moisture and allows for good aeration. A blend containing peat moss, perlite, and organic compost is suitable, as it tends toward the slightly acidic pH range that caladiums favor. This combination helps prevent the dense compaction that can suffocate the roots and tuber.
Regular feeding supports the production of large, vibrant leaves throughout the growing season. Apply a balanced liquid fertilizer, diluted to half-strength, every two to four weeks. Nitrogen is beneficial for promoting robust leaf growth, but an overly high-nitrogen formula can reduce the colorful variegation in favor of more green. Once the plant’s growth begins to slow in the late fall, cease all fertilization.
Navigating the Dormancy Period
Caladiums are tuberous perennials with a natural annual cycle that includes a necessary rest period, or dormancy. This is usually triggered by the shorter days and cooler temperatures of fall and early winter. The start of this phase is signaled when the leaves begin to yellow and eventually collapse, as the plant transfers energy back into its tuber for storage. Allow the foliage to die back naturally before removing it, as this ensures maximum energy is returned to the tuber.
As the leaves begin to fade, immediately reduce watering frequency, and stop fertilization completely. The goal is to let the soil dry out, which encourages the tuber to enter a deep rest. Once the foliage has fully withered, you can leave the tuber in its dry pot or carefully dig it up for storage.
If you choose to store the bare tuber, gently remove it from the soil, brush off any loose dirt, and allow it to air-dry in a well-ventilated space for about a week. The dried tubers should then be placed in a breathable material, such as dry peat moss, vermiculite, or sawdust, and stored in a cool, dark, and dry location. The storage temperature should remain stable, ideally between 60°F and 70°F (15°C to 21°C), to prevent rotting or premature sprouting.
The dormancy period typically lasts at least two to three months. To restart the growth cycle, replant the tubers in fresh potting mix in late winter or early spring and resume normal watering. Providing warmth and bright, indirect light will encourage new shoots to emerge from the tuber’s “eyes,” signaling the return to the active growing season.
Common Caladium Problems
Caladiums are relatively resistant to major pest issues when kept healthy, but they can occasionally attract small sap-sucking insects. Spider mites and aphids are the most common pests, often appearing when humidity levels are too low. Inspecting the undersides of the leaves regularly allows for early detection, and mild infestations can be treated effectively with insecticidal soap.
Yellowing leaves or drooping indicate an issue with water or light balance, often resulting from either overwatering or letting the soil become too dry. Overwatering is the most frequent cause of failure, as it can quickly lead to tuber rot, which is difficult to reverse. Brown or scorched leaf edges and tips signal leaf burn from direct sun exposure or consistently low humidity levels.
Caladiums contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, making them toxic if ingested by humans or pets. When chewed, these crystals can cause intense pain, irritation, and swelling of the mouth and digestive tract. For households with curious pets or small children, the plant should be placed in an area that is well out of reach.