Squirrels, such as the Eastern Gray Squirrel or the Eurasian Red Squirrel, are active and intelligent rodents often seen in backyards. Many people enjoy watching these nimble creatures, seeking to attract them for observation, photography, or to enjoy the presence of backyard wildlife. Encouraging squirrels to visit your property involves providing a reliable supply of the high-energy foods they seek and establishing a habitat that meets their needs for safety and shelter. Understanding their natural instincts and dietary requirements helps create an inviting space for these animals.
Primary Food Sources for Attraction
Attracting squirrels relies heavily on offering foods that mimic their natural, high-calorie diet, which is rich in fats and protein. Nuts are a primary draw, with in-shell varieties like walnuts, pecans, hickory nuts, and acorns being highly preferred as they provide both nutrition and the necessary gnawing activity to keep their teeth healthy. Seeds, particularly black oil sunflower seeds, are also a popular food source that delivers quick energy.
To supplement nuts and seeds, dried corn cobs mounted on a feeder or fresh vegetables like carrots and leafy greens can be offered in moderation. Some fungi are also a natural part of their diet and provide essential minerals like calcium. Avoid providing salted or processed human foods, such as bread, candy, or crackers, as these offer little nutritional value and can lead to health issues.
Never offer unshelled peanuts or corn exclusively, as they lack the comprehensive nutrition squirrels need. A varied and balanced diet that focuses on natural, unsalted options ensures the animals remain healthy while encouraging consistent visits. Offering food in specialized squirrel feeders can also help manage the supply and prevent other wildlife from consuming it.
Creating an Appealing Environment
Beyond food, squirrels require a secure habitat that offers protection from predators and the elements, including vertical cover and nesting options. Mature trees and dense shrubbery are important, giving these arboreal animals elevated pathways for travel and quick escape routes.
For shelter, squirrels construct nests known as dreys, which are typically messy, football-sized balls of twigs and leaves built high in tree forks, often six meters or more above the ground. They line the interior with soft materials like moss, grass, and shredded bark for insulation, and they may maintain multiple dreys throughout the year. Providing accessible nesting materials, such as small piles of dry leaves or natural fibers, can encourage them to establish residence nearby.
A consistent, clean water source is important, especially when natural sources may be scarce. A shallow dish or a bird bath placed on the ground or a low platform will serve this purpose. Changing the water regularly prevents the buildup of bacteria and ensures it remains a reliable resource.
Safe Feeding and Observation Techniques
Placement is important to protect the squirrels and your home. Specialized squirrel feeders, such as platform feeders or those designed to hold corn cobs, should be situated at least ten feet away from structures like roofs, fences, or utility lines to discourage them from accessing your attic or eaves. Consistency in your feeding schedule helps squirrels feel safe and anticipate a reliable food source.
Observation should be passive to avoid stressing the animals. Maintain a respectful distance, remaining still and quiet while watching. Hand-feeding should only be considered after squirrels are accustomed to your presence and approach you willingly. Never attempt to pick up a wild squirrel, as they may bite if they feel threatened.
Maintaining basic hygiene around the feeding area is necessary to prevent the spread of disease. Regularly clean feeders and remove old or moldy food to ensure the area remains sanitary. This attention to safety and sanitation supports the long-term health of the squirrels you wish to observe.