Java Fern (Microsorum pteropus) is a popular and durable aquatic plant cherished for its flowing green foliage in freshwater aquariums. This plant is classified as an epiphyte, meaning it naturally grows attached to surfaces rather than being rooted in substrate. Attachment is necessary because the plant’s thick, horizontal stem, the rhizome, will quickly rot and cause the plant to perish if buried beneath gravel or sand. Securing the Java Fern to driftwood, rock, or other decor is the only way to ensure its survival and long-term growth.
Gathering Supplies and Preparing the Plant
The attachment process requires a few simple materials to secure the Java Fern to its anchor. Essential supplies include the anchor material, such as driftwood or a non-reactive aquarium rock, along with sharp scissors. Depending on the chosen method, you will also need either black cotton thread, thin fishing line, or a cyanoacrylate-based super glue, preferably in a gel formula. Cyanoacrylate is the standard aquarium-safe adhesive; the gel version makes application easier and less messy.
Before attachment, the Java Fern must be prepared. If you have a large, dense clump, separate it into smaller sections, ensuring each piece retains a segment of the rhizome and a few leaves. Use sharp scissors to trim away any damaged, yellowing, or decaying leaves to encourage new growth. Trimming the roots slightly is acceptable, as their primary function is attachment rather than nutrient absorption, which mostly occurs through the water column.
Step-by-Step Attachment Methods
The tying method, which uses string or line, is a common way to secure the plant. To employ this technique, use either fine black cotton thread or monofilament fishing line. The thread or line should be wrapped snugly around the rhizome and the anchor material. Ensure the line is secure enough to hold the plant in place but not so tight that it compresses or cuts into the rhizome tissue.
Black cotton thread is often preferred because it will naturally dissolve within a few weeks to a couple of months. By the time the thread disintegrates, the Java Fern’s roots will have typically gripped the anchor material, securing the plant permanently. Alternatively, fishing line offers a more permanent hold that will not degrade, though it can be more visible. If fishing line is used, it can be carefully trimmed and removed once the plant is firmly attached, typically after a few months of growth.
The second method uses an aquarium-safe cyanoacrylate glue, which offers instant and tidy attachment. Gel-formula super glue is recommended because its thicker consistency is less likely to run or spread than liquid glue. To attach the plant, dry the area of the rhizome that will contact the anchor, then apply a small bead of the gel directly onto the rock or wood. Press the rhizome firmly onto the spot for 30 to 60 seconds until the glue sets.
Use the glue sparingly, applying only enough to hold the rhizome in place without completely encasing it. Excess glue can inhibit the rhizome’s ability to develop new roots and leaves. The cyanoacrylate cures almost instantly when it contacts water, allowing the plant and hardscape to be returned to the aquarium quickly. The glue is harmless once cured, often appearing as a small white patch that will eventually be covered by new root growth.
Ensuring Long-Term Growth and Health
Proper placement and maintenance are necessary to ensure the Java Fern’s long-term health. When placing the hardscape back into the tank, confirm the rhizome remains fully exposed to the water column and is not buried under the substrate. Burial of the rhizome is the most common cause of rot and plant death.
The Java Fern generally thrives in low to moderate lighting, making it an excellent choice for shaded areas under decor or larger plants. Excessively bright light can lead to algae growth or cause the plant to “melt,” where the leaves turn brown and become mushy. Providing moderate water flow is beneficial, as it ensures the plant receives an adequate supply of nutrients directly from the water.
A slow initial growth rate should not be a concern, as the Java Fern is a slow-growing species. Some leaf die-off, or “melting,” is also common during the first few weeks as the plant adjusts to its new environment.