The foxtail palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) is a highly sought-after ornamental species prized for its distinctive, plume-like foliage. This palm is native to a small, rocky area on the Cape York Peninsula in Queensland, Australia. Its common name comes from the appearance of its fronds, which are lush and arching, resembling the bushy tail of a fox. The foxtail palm’s elegant, symmetrical form and relatively clean, smooth trunk have made it a favored choice in tropical and subtropical landscaping.
Defining the Maximum Height
The mature height of a foxtail palm typically falls within a range of 20 to 30 feet when grown outdoors in suitable climates. Under exceptional conditions with ample water and nutrients, some specimens have been observed to reach a maximum height of up to 40 feet. This makes it a moderately sized palm, larger than many residential palms but smaller than towering species like the Royal Palm.
The total size of the palm is also defined by its crown spread, which can spread between 10 and 20 feet wide, creating a significant area of shade. This extensive spread dictates the required clearance from structures or other trees. The smooth, gray trunk is generally slender, measuring between 8 and 12 inches in diameter, sometimes featuring a slight bulge mid-length.
Understanding the Growth Rate
The foxtail palm is generally classified as a fast-growing palm, especially once it becomes established in its permanent location. Under optimal environmental conditions, this species typically achieves an annual vertical growth rate of about 1 to 2 feet. This rate of growth allows the palm to quickly become a prominent feature in a new landscape.
The pace of growth is not uniform throughout the palm’s life; juvenile palms often exhibit a slower initial phase while they establish their root system. Once the palm is fully rooted, the growth rate accelerates significantly. A foxtail palm can reach its near-full mature height within a timeline of approximately 15 to 25 years.
Environmental Influences on Final Size
The ultimate size a foxtail palm attains is highly dependent on the quality of its surrounding environment. The palm is best suited for warm, humid, tropical, and subtropical regions, performing optimally in USDA hardiness zones 10 through 11. Exposure to temperatures below 30°F, the approximate threshold for frost sensitivity, can severely damage the palm and stunt its long-term growth.
Soil conditions play a defining role in the palm’s development, as it requires well-draining material, such as sandy or loamy soil, to thrive. Poorly draining, heavy clay soils can lead to root rot and dramatically restrict growth. The foxtail palm is also a heavy feeder, requiring specific micronutrients like magnesium, potassium, and manganese. A deficiency in these elements will result in discolored fronds and significantly reduced growth. While established palms possess moderate drought tolerance, consistent, deep watering is necessary to support the vigorous growth needed to reach the upper end of its height potential.