Egg retrieval is a common procedure in fertility treatments, used in in vitro fertilization (IVF) or for egg freezing. It involves stimulating the ovaries to produce multiple eggs, which are then collected. Understanding the body’s response, particularly the return of menstruation, helps manage expectations.
Typical Timing of Your First Period
Most individuals can expect their first period approximately 10 to 14 days following egg retrieval. This timeframe is common, especially if no embryo transfer occurs or if it does not result in pregnancy. However, timing varies, with some experiencing menstruation as early as five days post-retrieval or up to four weeks.
This initial bleeding is a “withdrawal bleed,” not a typical ovulatory period. Ovarian stimulation causes the uterine lining to thicken due to high hormone levels. After retrieval, a sudden drop in these hormones, particularly estrogen and progesterone, triggers the shedding of this lining. This shedding signals the body’s reset after hormonal stimulation.
Factors Influencing Period Timing
Fertility medications used during stimulation significantly alter the natural hormonal balance, influencing menstruation timing. The body requires time to restart its natural hormone production and for the ovaries to recover from stimulation.
High estrogen levels from ovarian stimulation can affect period arrival. Specific medication protocols, such as GnRH agonists or antagonists, also play a role. Continued progesterone support after retrieval can delay onset by maintaining the uterine lining. Individual responses and recovery rates contribute to timing variability.
What to Expect from Your Post-Retrieval Period
The first period after egg retrieval often differs from a typical menstrual cycle. Many report it is heavier than usual. This increased flow occurs because the uterine lining builds up more due to stimulation hormones, resulting in more tissue to shed.
Increased cramping and discomfort are common during this first period. Ovaries can remain enlarged and sensitive, contributing to heightened sensations. Some may also notice differences in flow consistency or spotting. These differences are temporary as the body adjusts and re-establishes its natural hormonal balance.
When to Contact Your Clinic
While many post-retrieval symptoms are expected, contact your fertility clinic or healthcare provider for certain signs. Seek medical attention for extremely heavy bleeding, defined as soaking through one or more pads or tampons in less than an hour.
Report persistent or severe abdominal pain not relieved by over-the-counter medication. Other concerning symptoms include signs of infection, such as fever, chills, or unusual vaginal discharge.
Rapid weight gain (more than two to three pounds in 24 hours), decreased urine output, persistent nausea or vomiting, and shortness of breath can indicate ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), requiring prompt medical evaluation. If your period is significantly delayed beyond the expected range, especially after several weeks, consult your doctor for further evaluation.