Snakes possess a remarkable ability to navigate through incredibly confined spaces. Their unique biological design allows them to compress their bodies and slip through openings that appear very small. Understanding this flexibility and its practical implications can provide insight into these reptiles.
The Science of Snake Flexibility
The flexibility of snakes stems from their specialized anatomy. They have many vertebrae, ranging from 100 to 450 in the body, significantly more than most other vertebrates. Each vertebra connects through multiple joints, including a ball-and-socket joint, providing a wide range of motion. This segmented structure allows the snake to bend and twist with ease.
Snakes lack a sternum (breastbone), and their unfused ribs allow independent movement. Each vertebra, except those in the tail, connects to a pair of ribs, protecting internal organs and aiding locomotion. This rib flexibility enables snakes to flatten and elongate their bodies, reducing their overall width to squeeze through constricted areas. Their skin is highly elastic and loosely attached to their bodies, aiding compression and movement through tight spots. Axial muscles provide precise control, propelling them through various terrains.
Defining “Small” for Snakes
A snake’s ability to fit through an opening is directly related to the width of its head and, more accurately, its body when compressed. If a snake can get its head through a hole, it can typically get the rest of its body through as well. This is possible because snakes can flatten their bodies, a capability that allows them to squeeze through narrow gaps.
Most snakes, even larger ones, can navigate an opening as small as 1/4 inch wide. Younger or smaller snake species, such as the Barbados threadsnake, can fit through smaller openings, sometimes as small as 1/8 inch or less. Gaps that seem insignificant to a person can be ample entry points for a snake.
Securing Your Space
Given a snake’s ability to fit through small spaces, securing your home or property requires addressing potential entry points. Snakes often enter structures through gaps in foundations, unsealed vents, and openings around plumbing or electrical lines. Gaps under doors and missing mortar between bricks can serve as access points.
To prevent snake entry, seal any cracks or holes larger than 1/4 inch in foundations and walls using materials like silicone caulk or mortar. For larger openings, install 1/4-inch hardware cloth or steel mesh. Installing door sweeps on exterior doors and ensuring windows are properly sealed helps create a secure barrier. Keeping yards clear of debris, overgrown vegetation, and eliminating rodent populations reduces the likelihood of snakes being attracted.