An abdominal evisceration occurs when internal organs, most commonly parts of the intestines, protrude through an open wound in the abdominal wall. This type of injury is a severe and potentially life-threatening emergency. It requires immediate attention to prevent further complications such as infection, organ damage, or shock.
Immediate Steps for Care
Ensuring the safety of the scene is the initial step before approaching the injured person. Once the area is deemed safe, position the individual on their back, gently bending their knees. This posture can help relax the abdominal muscles, which may reduce tension around the wound and potentially limit further protrusion of organs.
Never attempt to push the protruding organs back into the abdomen. Doing so can cause additional damage to delicate tissues, introduce harmful bacteria, or restrict blood flow. Reinserting organs could also lead to complications like strangulation of the bowel.
The exposed organs must be kept moist to prevent them from drying out and sustaining damage or tissue death (necrosis). Cover the protruding organs with a clean, non-adherent material that has been moistened with clean water or sterile saline solution. A sterile dressing or even clean plastic wrap can serve this purpose effectively.
Gently place the moistened covering directly over the exposed organs, ensuring the entire wound area is covered. Afterward, loosely secure this covering in place, perhaps with medical tape or a clean bandage, without applying any pressure to the organs themselves. This protective barrier helps to minimize contamination and maintain organ viability until professional medical help arrives.
Actions to Avoid
It is important to avoid several actions that could worsen the injury. Do not attempt to clean the wound with harsh chemicals, soaps, or antiseptics. These substances can cause further irritation and damage to the sensitive internal tissues. Similarly, if any objects are impaled in the wound, do not remove them, as they might be preventing significant bleeding.
Do not give the injured person anything to eat or drink. This is because the person will likely require surgery, and an empty stomach is necessary for anesthesia. Providing food or drink could also lead to complications like vomiting or aspiration.
Seeking Professional Medical Assistance
Immediately after providing initial first aid, it is important to call emergency medical services. An abdominal evisceration constitutes a life-threatening emergency that requires prompt professional medical intervention. Rapid transport to a medical facility with surgical capabilities is important for the patient’s survival and recovery.
While awaiting the arrival of emergency responders, remain with the injured person. Offer reassurance and monitor their condition closely, observing for any changes in their responsiveness or breathing. Be prepared to provide emergency personnel with a clear account of how the injury occurred and the steps taken for initial care.