Elasticized stockings, commonly referred to as compression stockings, are garments designed to apply external pressure to the lower limbs. Their main function is to support the circulatory system by promoting venous return, which helps push blood back toward the heart against gravity. This controlled pressure helps prevent blood from pooling in the legs, reducing swelling, discomfort, and the risk of developing blood clots. Achieving a precise and proper fit after application is fundamental to the stocking’s effectiveness and the wearer’s safety.
Proper Sizing and Measurement
Achieving a correct fit begins with accurate measurements taken before the stocking is purchased or applied. The optimal time to measure the leg is first thing in the morning, immediately after waking, as this is when the limbs are least likely to be swollen. Measurements must be taken on bare skin using a flexible measuring tape to capture the circumference and length of the leg.
Sizing depends on circumference measurements at specific anatomical points, rather than relying on general metrics like shoe size. The narrowest part of the ankle and the widest part of the calf are measured for knee-high stockings. For thigh-high styles, measurements are taken around the widest portion of the thigh and the length from the heel to the upper thigh.
Characteristics of a Correctly Applied Stocking
Once an appropriately sized stocking is applied, it should feel snug and firm but should never cause pain. The defining characteristic of a correct fit is the graduated pressure profile, which is tightest at the ankle and gradually decreases up the leg toward the knee or thigh. This gradient effectively assists blood movement against gravity.
The fabric must lie completely smooth against the skin, with no creases, folds, or bunching anywhere along the leg. Wrinkles are problematic behind the knee, as they can create localized, excessive pressure that can impede circulation. The top band of the stocking should rest comfortably against the skin without rolling down or digging in.
If the stocking features a closed-toe design, the toes should not be squeezed or constricted. An open-toe style should allow the toes to wiggle freely, and the opening should not restrict the circulation to the foot. A properly fitted garment will maintain the intended therapeutic pressure evenly across the surface of the limb.
Warning Signs of Poor Fit and Circulation Issues
An improperly fitted or applied elasticized stocking can inhibit, rather than promoting, healthy blood flow. One immediate sign of a poor fit is excessive tightness or pain when the stocking is on. The appearance of new or increased swelling in the feet or ankles, which the garment is meant to prevent, indicates incorrect pressure distribution.
A dangerous sign is a tingling sensation or numbness in the toes, which suggests compromised blood flow or nerve function. Skin discoloration, such as a blue or purple tint to the toes, indicates severely restricted circulation and requires immediate attention. The stocking must be smooth, because if the material rolls down from the top, it can create a tight band that acts like a tourniquet, cutting off blood flow at that point.
After removing the stocking, deep, lasting creases or indentations left on the skin are evidence that the garment was too tight or bunched up during wear. If any of these signs appear, the stocking should be reapplied immediately, ensuring it is smooth and properly positioned. If symptoms like numbness, pain, or discoloration persist after reapplication, consult a physician to prevent complications.