Eyelashes frame our eyes, offering both protection and a distinct aesthetic. Most people have a single row of these delicate hairs lining their eyelids. However, some individuals naturally possess an additional row of eyelashes, a unique characteristic that prompts questions about its frequency and biological origins.
Understanding Extra Eyelash Rows
When people refer to “three rows of eyelashes,” they are typically describing distichiasis. This condition is characterized by an extra row of eyelashes emerging from the meibomian glands, which usually produce eye-lubricating oils. Unlike typical eyelashes that grow from hair follicles along the eyelid margin, these additional hairs sprout from an unusual location. In distichiasis, the aberrant eyelashes can vary significantly in their appearance, ranging from fine, almost invisible wisps to fully developed, coarse hairs that can be quite noticeable. Their growth direction can also differ, sometimes turning inward towards the eye.
The Rarity of Extra Eyelash Rows
The occurrence of extra eyelash rows, or distichiasis, is uncommon in the general population. While precise global prevalence rates are difficult to ascertain due to its varied presentation and often asymptomatic nature. Some forms of distichiasis are linked to specific genetic syndromes, where its presence is more predictable within affected families.
The perceived rarity can also be influenced by how noticeable the extra lashes are. Individuals with very fine or sparse additional lashes might not even be aware of their condition, leading to underdiagnosis. Conversely, those with more prominent or symptomatic extra lashes are more likely to seek medical attention, making the condition more identifiable in clinical settings. Therefore, while not extensively documented with exact figures, it is widely recognized by medical professionals as a rare finding.
Causes and Types of Extra Eyelash Rows
Extra eyelash rows can arise from two primary origins: congenital distichiasis, present from birth, or acquired distichiasis, developing later in life. Congenital distichiasis is typically inherited and often linked to a genetic mutation. Specifically, mutations in the FOXC2 gene are frequently associated with this inherited form. This genetic variant causes the meibomian glands, which normally produce oil, to differentiate abnormally and produce hair follicles instead.
Acquired distichiasis develops due to other factors affecting the eyelids. Chronic inflammation of the eyelid margins, such as that seen in conditions like blepharitis, can sometimes lead to the development of these extra lashes. Trauma to the eyelid or certain inflammatory diseases can also induce the growth of an additional row of eyelashes.
Living with Extra Eyelash Rows
For many individuals with extra eyelash rows, the condition is asymptomatic and causes no problems. The additional lashes may be fine and soft, growing in a direction that does not irritate the eye. In these cases, no specific treatment or intervention is typically required, and the individual may simply consider it a unique personal characteristic.
However, when the extra lashes are thick, stiff, or grow inwards towards the eye, they can cause significant irritation. Symptoms may include a persistent foreign body sensation, excessive tearing, redness, or even damage to the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye. Medical intervention becomes necessary to alleviate discomfort and prevent complications. Treatment options can range from simple lubrication to epilation (plucking), cryotherapy (freezing), or laser ablation to permanently remove the problematic lashes.