Kidney stones can cause intense discomfort, often necessitating medical intervention. A common treatment approach involves the placement of a ureteral stent to facilitate healing and urine flow. While this device is highly effective in managing kidney stone-related issues, many individuals express concern about the potential for pain during its presence. Understanding the purpose of a stent and the expected sensations can help manage these anxieties.
Understanding Kidney Stone Stents
A ureteral stent is a slender, flexible tube designed to be temporarily placed within the urinary tract. Its role is to ensure the ureter, which connects the kidney to the bladder, remains open. When a kidney stone obstructs this pathway, or after a stone removal procedure, a stent allows urine to bypass the blockage and drain properly from the kidney into the bladder. This prevents urine backup and potential kidney damage. The stent has small curls at each end, one in the kidney and the other in the bladder, to keep it securely in place.
Expected Pain and Discomfort
A ureteral stent can cause discomfort. Flank pain (pain in the side or back) is common, often intensifying during or after urination. This occurs because urination can cause urine to flow backward from the bladder up to the kidney alongside the stent, leading to pressure and irritation.
Bladder spasms, a cramping sensation in the lower abdomen, are another common symptom. The stent’s end resting in the bladder can irritate the bladder lining, triggering these involuntary muscle contractions. This irritation also contributes to increased urinary urgency (a sudden need to urinate) and frequency. Some also report a burning sensation during urination (dysuria). While bothersome, these symptoms are generally normal responses to the stent.
Coping with Stent Pain
Managing stent-related discomfort involves medication and self-care strategies. Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen are often recommended for mild discomfort. NSAIDs like ibuprofen may also be suggested, but consult a healthcare provider, especially with kidney conditions, as NSAIDs can affect kidney function.
For specific symptoms, prescribed medications can be beneficial. Alpha-blockers, such as tamsulosin, can relax the ureter and bladder, reducing spasms and urinary frequency. Anticholinergic medications like oxybutynin can also alleviate bladder spasms and urgency. Phenazopyridine (Pyridium or AZO) is a urinary analgesic that can soothe the urethra and reduce burning.
Beyond medication, certain lifestyle adjustments can provide relief. Maintaining adequate hydration (around 60-80 ounces daily) helps dilute urine and reduce irritation; avoid excessive hydration. Limiting bladder irritants such as caffeine, alcohol, and acidic beverages can also alleviate symptoms. Applying a warm compress or taking warm baths can offer comfort for abdominal or flank pain. Addressing constipation is also beneficial, as infrequent bowel movements can worsen urinary symptoms by compressing the bladder.
When to Seek Medical Help
While some discomfort is expected with a ureteral stent, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. Severe pain that does not improve with prescribed medication is a concern. Fever (above 101°F) with chills or body aches could indicate an infection, requiring prompt treatment.
Significant changes in urine, such as dark bloody urine that doesn’t clear with increased fluid intake, or thick clots, should be reported. An inability to urinate (urinary retention), even with a strong urge, is also a serious sign. If any part of the stent comes out of the urethra, or if you suspect it has become dislodged, contact your doctor immediately.