The African Milk Tree (Euphorbia trigona) is a striking, candelabra-shaped succulent native to hot, dry regions of Central Africa. It stores water in its thick, fleshy stems, making it highly drought-tolerant. Providing the correct amount of water is the most important factor for maintaining health, as a proper routine prevents common issues like rot and dehydration.
Seasonal Watering Requirements
Watering frequency depends heavily on the plant’s growth cycle. During spring and summer, the plant is actively growing and requires more frequent watering. Water thoroughly every one to two weeks, ensuring the soil is completely saturated until water drains from the bottom.
In fall and winter, the Euphorbia trigona enters a semi-dormant state, slowing its metabolic functions. Watering must be drastically reduced to prevent root rot caused by cold, damp soil. During dormancy, water only once a month, or less, depending on environmental conditions. It is safer to slightly underwater than to overwater, as the plant can withstand extended periods of dryness.
Checking Soil Moisture Before Watering
A fixed calendar schedule should not be the sole determinant for watering your African Milk Tree. The proper technique involves checking the soil moisture level to ensure the growing medium has dried out sufficiently. Before watering, the top two to three inches of the soil must feel completely dry to the touch.
You can easily check this by inserting your finger directly into the soil to feel for moisture. Alternatively, a wooden chopstick or a moisture meter can be inserted near the center of the pot to provide a clearer reading of the soil’s internal dryness. This practice ensures that the soil is not overly saturated, which is important for this species that requires a porous, well-draining succulent or cactus soil mix.
Recognizing Signs of Watering Issues
The African Milk Tree displays distinct visual cues regarding watering issues. Signs of underwatering include shriveled, wrinkled, or deflated stems, indicating the plant is drawing on its internal water reserves. Leaves may also become dry, crispy, or drop off, signaling a need for immediate rehydration.
In contrast, overwatering is typically far more damaging and is characterized by soft, mushy, or yellowing stems, often starting near the soil line. This softness is a symptom of root rot, which occurs when the roots are deprived of oxygen in constantly wet soil. If the rot is advanced, the affected tissue may turn black, and while immediate action like cutting away the mushy parts can be attempted, root rot is often irreversible and fatal.