The question of how often to water a succulent is the most common point of confusion for new plant owners, and it is the single most frequent cause of their demise. These desert plants are biologically designed to store water in their leaves and stems, allowing them to survive long periods of drought. This adaptation means that a succulent’s greatest enemy is not thirst, but excessive moisture, which leads to fatal root rot.
The Golden Rule: Determining When to Water
The frequency of watering a succulent should never be determined by a calendar schedule, such as “every two weeks.” Instead, it is based entirely on the condition of the soil and, secondarily, the plant itself. The universally accepted method is the “soak and dry” technique, which requires waiting until the soil is completely bone-dry before watering again.
To accurately check the soil, especially in deeper pots, use the finger test, pushing your finger down at least two inches, or use a wooden skewer or chopstick inserted to the bottom of the pot. If the probe comes out clean and dry, the soil is ready. If the soil is still dark, cool, or clumps slightly, wait several more days before checking again.
Succulents also provide visual cues when they are genuinely thirsty. The leaves of an underwatered plant will appear slightly shriveled, wrinkled, or less plump, as the plant draws on its internal water reserves. This slight sign of thirst is a reliable signal to water.
Seasonal and Environmental Factors Affecting Frequency
The time it takes for the soil to dry varies drastically based on external conditions. Seasonal changes are the most significant factor, as many common succulents enter a period of dormancy during the winter months. During this time, which typically runs from late fall to early spring, the plant’s growth slows down considerably, and its need for moisture is minimal. Watering frequency should be significantly reduced during winter dormancy, often to just once a month or even less, to prevent root damage. Conversely, during the active growing season of spring and summer, water is consumed much faster, potentially requiring watering every one to two weeks.
The amount of light a succulent receives also directly impacts its water usage. Plants in bright, high-light environments will dry out much faster than those situated in lower-light locations. Furthermore, the material of the container plays a role; porous materials like terracotta wick moisture away from the soil, causing faster evaporation compared to glazed ceramic or plastic pots.
Mastering the Technique and Avoiding Common Errors
When it is time to water, the method of application is important. Succulents require a thorough drenching, described as a deep soak, until water flows freely out of the drainage hole. This deep watering encourages the development of long, robust roots that better support the plant during dry periods. Immediately after soaking, ensure the container does not sit in a saucer of drained water, as this will cause the roots to rot quickly.
A common mistake is misting, which only wets the surface of the soil and the leaves, encouraging superficial root growth and potential fungal issues. If you observe signs of distress, the leaf appearance can help you diagnose the issue. Overwatered succulents typically have soft, mushy, and often translucent leaves that may turn yellow and drop off easily. In contrast, underwatered plants will have leaves that are wrinkled, thin, and shriveled but remain firm.